@article{3220091,
    title = "Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample",
    author = "Bago, B. and Kovacs, M. and Protzko, J. and Nagy, T. and Kekecs, Z. and Palfi, B. and Adamkovic, M. and Adamus, S. and Albalooshi, S. and Albayrak-Aydemir, N. and Alfian, I.N. and Alper, S. and Alvarez-Solas, S. and Alves, S.G. and Amaya, S. and Andresen, P.K. and Anjum, G. and Ansari, D. and Arriaga, P. and Aruta, J.J.B.R. and Arvanitis, A. and Babincak, P. and Barzykowski, K. and Bashour, B. and Baskin, E. and Batalha, L. and Batres, C. and Bavolar, J. and Bayrak, F. and Becker, B. and Becker, M. and Belaus, A. and Białek, M. and Bilancini, E. and Boller, D. and Boncinelli, L. and Boudesseul, J. and Brown, B.T. and Buchanan, E.M. and Butt, M.M. and Calvillo, D.P. and Carnes, N.C. and Celniker, J.B. and Chartier, C.R. and Chopik, W.J. and Chotikavan, P. and Chuan-Peng, H. and Clancy, R.F. and Çoker, O. and Correia, R.C. and Adoric, V.C. and Cubillas, C.P. and Czoschke, S. and Daryani, Y. and de Grefte, J.A.M. and de Vries, W.C. and Burak, E.G.D. and Dias, C. and Dixson, B.J.W. and Du, X. and Dumančić, F. and Dumbravă, A. and Dutra, N.B. and Enachescu, J. and Esteban-Serna, C. and Eudave, L. and Evans, T.R. and Feldman, G. and Felisberti, F.M. and Fiedler, S. and Findor, A. and Fleischmann, A. and Foroni, F. and Francová, R. and Frank, D.-A. and Fu, C.H.Y. and Gao, S. and Ghasemi, O. and Ghazi-Noori, A.-R. and Ghossainy, M.E. and Giammusso, I. and Gill, T. and Gjoneska, B. and Gollwitzer, M. and Graton, A. and Grinberg, M. and Groyecka-Bernard, A. and Harris, E.A. and Hartanto, A. and Hassan, W.A.N.M. and Hatami, J. and Heimark, K.R. and Hidding, J.J.J. and Hristova, E. and Hruška, M. and Hudson, C.A. and Huskey, R. and Ikeda, A. and Inbar, Y. and Ingram, G.P.D. and Isler, O. and Isloi, C. and Iyer, A. and Jaeger, B. and Janssen, S.M.J. and Jiménez-Leal, W. and Jokić, B. and Kačmár, P. and Kadreva, V. and Kaminski, G. and Karimi-Malekabadi, F. and Kasper, A.T.A. and Kendrick, K.M. and Kennedy, B.J. and Kocalar, H.E. and Kodapanakkal, R.I. and Kowal, M. and Kruse, E. and Kučerová, L. and Kühberger, A. and Kuzminska, A.O. and Lalot, F. and Lamm, C. and Lammers, J. and Lange, E.B. and Lantian, A. and Lau, I.Y.-M. and Lazarevic, L.B. and Leliveld, M.C. and Lenz, J.N. and Levitan, C.A. and Lewis, S.C. and Li, M. and Li, Y. and Li, H. and Lima, T.J.S. and Lins, S. and Liuzza, M.T. and Lopes, P. and Lu, J.G. and Lynds, T. and Máčel, M. and Mackinnon, S.P. and Maganti, M. and Magraw-Mickelson, Z. and Magson, L.F. and Manley, H. and Marcu, G.M. and Seršić, D.M. and Matibag, C.-J. and Mattiassi, A.D.A. and Mazidi, M. and McFall, J.P. and McLatchie, N. and Mensink, M.C. and Miketta, L. and Milfont, T.L. and Mirisola, A. and Misiak, M. and Mitkidis, P. and Moeini-Jazani, M. and Monajem, A. and Moreau, D. and Musser, E.D. and Narhetali, E. and Ochoa, D.P. and Olsen, J. and Owsley, N.C. and Özdoğru, A.A. and Panning, M. and Papadatou-Pastou, M. and Parashar, N. and Pärnamets, P. and Paruzel-Czachura, M. and Parzuchowski, M. and Paterlini, J.V. and Pavlacic, J.M. and Peker, M. and Peters, K. and Piatnitckaia, L. and Pinto, I. and Policarpio, M.R. and Pop-Jordanova, N. and Pratama, A.J. and Primbs, M.A. and Pronizius, E. and Purić, D. and Puvia, E. and Qamari, V. and Qian, K. and Quiamzade, A. and Ráczová, B. and Reinero, D.A. and Reips, U.-D. and Reyna, C. and Reynolds, K. and Ribeiro, M.F.F. and Röer, J.P. and Ross, R.M. and Roussos, P. and Ruiz-Dodobara, F. and Ruiz-Fernandez, S. and Rutjens, B.T. and Rybus, K. and Samekin, A. and Santos, A.C. and Say, N. and Schild, C. and Schmidt, K. and Ścigała, K.A. and Sharifian, M.H. and Shi, J. and Shi, Y. and Sievers, E. and Sirota, M. and Slipenkyj, M. and Solak, Ç. and Sorokowska, A. and Sorokowski, P. and Söylemez, S. and Steffens, N.K. and Stephen, I.D. and Sternisko, A. and Stevens-Wilson, L. and Stewart, S.L.K. and Stieger, S. and Storage, D. and Strube, J. and Susa, K.J. and Szekely-Copîndean, R.D. and Szostak, N.M. and Takwin, B. and Tatachari, S. and Thomas, A.G. and Tiede, K.E. and Tiong, L.E. and Tonković, M. and Trémolière, B. and Tunstead, L.V. and Türkan, B.N. and Twardawski, M. and Vadillo, M.A. and Vally, Z. and Vaughn, L.A. and Verschuere, B. and Vlašiček, D. and Voracek, M. and Vranka, M.A. and Wang, S. and West, S.-L. and Whyte, S. and Wilton, L.S. and Wlodarczyk, A. and Wu, X. and Xin, F. and Yadanar, S. and Yama, H. and Yamada, Y. and Yilmaz, O. and Yoon, S. and Young, D.M. and Zakharov, I. and Zein, R.A. and Zettler, I. and Žeželj, I.L. and Zhang, D.C. and Zhang, J. and Zheng, X. and Hoekstra, R. and Aczel, B.",
    journal = "Nature Human Behaviour",
    year = "2022",
    publisher = "Lithuanian Nature Research Centre",
    issn = "2397-3374",
    doi = "10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5",
    abstract = "The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited."
}