@article{3340341,
    title = "Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report",
    author = "Gumz, M.L. and Shimbo, D. and Abdalla, M. and Balijepalli, R.C. and Benedict, C. and Chen, Y. and Earnest, D.J. and Gamble, K.L. and Garrison, S.R. and Gong, M.C. and Hogenesch, J.B. and Hong, Y. and Ivy, J.R. and Joe, B. and Laposky, A.D. and Liang, M. and Maclaughlin, E.J. and Martino, T.A. and Pollock, D.M. and Redline, S. and Rogers, A. and Dan Rudic, R. and Schernhammer, E.S. and Stergiou, G.S. and St-Onge, M.-P. and Wang, X. and Wright, J. and Oh, Y.S.",
    journal = "JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION",
    year = "2023",
    volume = "80",
    number = "3",
    pages = "503-522",
    publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
    issn = "-",
    doi = "10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19372",
    keywords = "antihypertensive agent, blood pressure;  chronotherapy;  circadian rhythm;  human;  hypertension;  national health organization;  personalized medicine;  physiology;  United States, Antihypertensive Agents;  Blood Pressure;  Chronotherapy;  Circadian Rhythm;  Humans;  Hypertension;  National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.);  Precision Medicine;  United States",
    abstract = "Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure. Sleep patterns, hormone release, eating habits, digestion, body temperature, renal and cardiovascular function, and other important host functions as well as gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, and influence circadian rhythms of blood pressure. Potential benefits of nonpharmacologic interventions such as meal timing, and pharmacologic chronotherapeutic interventions, such as the bedtime administration of antihypertensive medications, have recently been suggested in some studies. However, the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm-mediated blood pressure regulation and the efficacy of chronotherapy in hypertension remain unclear. This review summarizes the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop convened on October 27 to 29, 2021 to assess knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the study of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and chronotherapy for hypertension. © 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved."
}