TY - JOUR
TI - Metabolic disorders in multiple myeloma
AU - Gavriatopoulou, M.
AU - Paschou, S.A.
AU - Ntanasis-stathopoulos, I.
AU - Dimopoulos, M.A.
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
PY - 2021
VL - 22
TODO - 21
SP - null
PB - MDPI
SN - 1422-0067
TODO - 10.3390/ijms222111430
TODO - belantamab mafodotin;  bortezomib;  carfilzomib;  daratumumab;  dexamethasone;  elotuzumab;  glucose;  glutamine;  hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha;  isatuximab;  ixazomib;  lenalidomide;  panobinostat;  pomalidomide;  protein p53;  selinexor;  thalidomide;  transcription factor;  cytokine;  metformin, amino acid synthesis;  angiogenesis;  calcium metabolism;  cancer growth;  cancer survival;  cell proliferation;  citric acid cycle;  fatty acid synthesis;  gluconeogenesis;  glycolysis;  human;  immune system;  immunocompetent cell;  immunosurveillance;  metabolic disorder;  metabolic syndrome X;  metabolism;  multiple myeloma;  myeloma cell;  oncogene c myc;  Pi3K/Akt signaling;  Review;  systematic review;  energy metabolism;  metabolic disorder;  metabolism;  multiple myeloma;  pathology;  physiology;  plasma cell;  tumor microenvironment, Cell Proliferation;  Cytokines;  Energy Metabolism;  Glycolysis;  Humans;  Metabolic Diseases;  Metabolic Syndrome;  Metformin;  Multiple Myeloma;  Plasma Cells;  Tumor Microenvironment
TODO - Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and is attributed to monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Cancer cells including myeloma cells deregulate metabolic pathways to ensure proliferation, growth, survival and avoid immune surveillance, with glycolysis and glutaminolysis being the most identified procedures involved. These disorders are considered a hallmark of cancer and the alterations performed ensure that enough energy is available for rapid cell proliferation. An association between metabolic syndrome, inflammatory cytokinesand incidence of MM has been also described, while the use of metformin and statins has been identified as a positive prognostic factor for the disease course. In this review, we aim to present the metabolic disorders that occur in multiple myeloma, the potential defects on the immune system and the potential advantage of targeting the dysregulated pathways in order to enhance antitumor therapeutics. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ER -