TY - JOUR
TI - Gender predilection in sporadic parathyroid adenomas
AU - Yavropoulou, M.P.
AU - Anastasilakis, A.D.
AU - Panagiotakou, A.
AU - Kassi, E.
AU - Makras, P.
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
PY - 2020
VL - 21
TODO - 8
SP - null
PB - MDPI AG
SN - 1422-0067
TODO - 10.3390/ijms21082964
TODO - cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase;  cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor;  estradiol;  estrogen;  estrogen receptor;  fibroblast growth factor 23;  long untranslated RNA;  messenger RNA;  methionine;  microRNA;  mitogen activated protein kinase;  parathyroid hormone;  phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase;  progesterone receptor;  protein serine threonine kinase;  tamoxifen;  testosterone;  transcription factor;  untranslated RNA;  parathyroid hormone;  sex hormone, adult;  bone density;  cardiovascular disease;  central nervous system;  DNA methylation;  DNA polymorphism;  embryo development;  female;  gastrointestinal tract;  gender;  gene control;  gene expression;  gene expression regulation;  genotype;  germline mutation;  human;  human tissue;  hyperparathyroidism;  immune system;  immunohistochemistry;  in situ hybridization;  male;  menstrual cycle;  multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1;  osteolysis;  parathyroid adenoma;  parathyroid tumor;  parathyroidectomy;  postmenopause;  pregnancy;  Review;  risk factor;  trophoblast;  biosynthesis;  disease predisposition;  genetic epigenesis;  genetic predisposition;  genetics;  metabolism;  parathyroid tumor;  prevalence;  sex factor, Disease Susceptibility;  Epigenesis, Genetic;  Female;  Gene Expression Regulation;  Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic;  Genetic Predisposition to Disease;  Gonadal Steroid Hormones;  Humans;  Male;  Parathyroid Hormone;  Parathyroid Neoplasms;  Prevalence;  Sex Factors
TODO - Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinopathy that is mainly caused by benign parathyroid adenomas. The frequency, clinical presentation and complications of the disease show significant differences between genders, with the majority of cases being reported in postmenopausal women. Due to this gender predilection, several studies have investigated the role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the disease and their potential use as targets for optimal and gender-specific management. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene transcription may also contribute to these differences between genders. In this review, we outline what is currently known regarding the role of sex hormones and the recent data on the role of non-coding RNAs in the differences between genders in primary hyperparathyroidism due to sporadic parathyroid adenomas. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ER -