TY - JOUR
TI - Simple sleep questions can predict 12-year mortality in a rural population
AU - Darviri, C.
AU - Artemiadis, A.
AU - Tigani, X.
AU - Darvyri, P.
AU - Gnardellis, C.
JO - Sleep and Biological Rhythms
PY - 2018
VL - 16
TODO - 2
SP - 253-258
PB - Springer Tokyo
SN - 1446-9235, 1479-8425
TODO - 10.1007/s41105-018-0147-9
TODO - adolescent;  adult;  age distribution;  aged;  all cause mortality;  arousal;  Article;  body mass;  cardiovascular mortality;  cardiovascular risk;  cohort analysis;  educational status;  female;  health status;  high risk population;  human;  insomnia;  male;  mortality rate;  observational study;  predictive value;  priority journal;  rural population;  satisfaction;  sex difference;  sleep;  sleep quality;  sleep satisfaction;  smoking
TODO - There is apt evidence in favor of a significant association between sleep and mortality. So far, most studies examine sleep problems using comprehensive, time-consuming tools and questions. In this study, we investigated the ability of four simple “yes” or “no” answered questions (i.e. easiness to fall asleep, restful upon awakening, sleep satisfaction and presence of insomnia) to predict 12-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a rural population of 1519 citizens. The sample consisted of 652 males and 867 females, with a mean age of 56.9 years old (range 15–102 years old). Age, gender, education, smoking, body mass index and health status were used as confounders in the Cox proportional hazard models. 293 (19.3%) deaths were recorded. After adjusting for confounders, difficulty to fall asleep was significantly related to an increased risk of cardiovascular death in smokers (aHR 3.71, 95% CI 1.01–13.62). Male individuals, not feeling restful upon awakening were at a significantly increased risk of all-cause (aHR 2.08, 95% CI 1.33–3.24) and cardiovascular mortality (aHR 6.24, 95% CI 1.90–20.49), in the latter case only if they were non-smokers. Smokers, not satisfied with their sleep, were at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death (aHR 5.44, 95% CI 1.73–17.09). The presence of insomnia significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 8.10, 95% CI 1.66–39.57) in smokers of basic education and cardiovascular mortality (aHR 26.68 95% CI 4.78–148.49) in smokers. In conclusion, simple sleep questions can predict mortality, at least in rural populations. Future studies should expand these results to other populations. © 2018, Japanese Society of Sleep Research.
ER -