TY - JOUR
TI - Replication in two independent population-based samples that childhood maltreatment and cannabis use synergistically impact on psychosis risk
AU - Konings, M.
AU - Stefanis, N.
AU - Kuepper, R.
AU - De Graaf, R.
AU - Have, M.T.
AU - Van Os, J.
AU - Bakoula, C.
AU - Henquet, C.
JO - Psychological Medicine
PY - 2012
VL - 42
TODO - 1
SP - 149-159
PB - 
SN - 0033-2917
TODO - 10.1017/S0033291711000973
TODO - adolescent;  adult;  animal;  article;  cannabis addiction;  child;  child abuse;  dose response;  epidemiology;  female;  Greece;  human;  male;  mental stress;  middle aged;  Netherlands;  psychological aspect;  psychosis;  questionnaire;  rat;  statistics, Adolescent;  Adult;  Animals;  Child;  Child Abuse;  Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;  Epidemiologic Methods;  Female;  Greece;  Humans;  Male;  Marijuana Abuse;  Middle Aged;  Netherlands;  Psychotic Disorders;  Questionnaires;  Rats;  Stress, Psychological;  Young Adult
TODO - Background There may be biological plausibility to the notion that cannabis use and childhood trauma or maltreatment synergistically increase the risk for later development of psychotic symptoms. To replicate and further investigate this issue, prospective data from two independent population-based studies, the Greek National Perinatal Study (n=1636) and The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) (n=4842), were analyzed.Method Two different data sets on cannabis use and childhood maltreatment were used. In a large Greek population-based cohort study, data on cannabis use at age 19 years and childhood maltreatment at 7 years were assessed. In addition, psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). In NEMESIS, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess psychotic symptoms at three different time points along with childhood maltreatment and lifetime cannabis use.Results A significant adjusted interaction between childhood maltreatment and later cannabis use was evident in both samples, indicating that the psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis were stronger in individuals exposed to earlier sexual or physical mistreatment [Greek National Perinatal Study: test for interaction F(2, 1627)=4.18, p=0.02; NEMESIS: test for interaction ?2(3)=8.08, p=0.04].Conclusions Cross-sensitivity between childhood maltreatment and cannabis use may exist in pathways that shape the risk for expression of positive psychotic symptoms. © 2011 Cambridge University Press.
ER -