TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of L-carnitine administration on the modulated rat brain protein concentration, acetylcholinesterase, Na+K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities induced by forced swimming
AU - Tsakiris, T.
AU - Angelogianni, P.
AU - Tesseromatis, C.
AU - Tsakiris, S.
AU - Schulpis, K.H.
JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PY - 2008
VL - 42
TODO - 5
SP - 367-372
PB - 
SN - 0306-3674, 1473-0480
TODO - 10.1136/bjsm.2007.039792
TODO - acetylcholinesterase;  adenosine triphosphatase (magnesium);  adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium);  brain protein;  carnitine, animal cell;  animal experiment;  animal tissue;  antioxidant activity;  article;  brain homogenate;  concentration response;  controlled study;  drug effect;  drug research;  enzyme activity;  enzyme inactivation;  exercise;  forced swimming test;  histology;  in vitro study;  male;  nonhuman;  oxidative stress;  rat;  spectrophotometry;  training, Acetylcholinesterase;  Animals;  Brain;  Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase;  Carnitine;  Free Radicals;  Male;  Oxidative Stress;  Rats;  Rats, Wistar;  Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase;  Swimming
TODO - Background: Forced exercise produces free radicals and L-carnitine (L-C) administration reduces oxidative stress. Aim: To investigate whether short (2 hours) or prolonged (3 hours) forced swimming could modulate total anti-oxidant status (TAS), protein concentration and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na+K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in rat brain following intraperitonal administration of L-C (300 mg/kg). Methods: TAS, protein and enzyme activities were measured spectrophotomethcally. Results: TAS, protein concentration and AChE activity were reduced, whereas Na +K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase were significantly increased after either 2 or 3 hours of training. L-C administration resulted in a profound restoration of TAS and protein concentration whereas AChE and Na +K+-ATPaSe were increased before exercise, followed by AChE restoration and Na+K+-ATPase reduction after exercise. Mg2+-ATPase remained unchanged. An in vitro study using L-C incubation of brain homogenates previously treated with L-C resulted in complete restoration of the modulated enzymes, whereas the enzyme activities from untreated animals remained unaltered. Conclusions: Short or prolonged swimming in rats may result in a reduction of brain TAS, protein concentration and AChE activity, and an activation of Na+K+-ATPaSe and Mg2+-ATPase. L-C administration may prevent reduction in TAS and protein concentration, and a decrease in AChE and Na+K +-ATPase activity; the latter reached preexercise values after L-C incubation.
ER -