TY - JOUR
TI - The impact of obesity on the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease
AU - Paschou, S.A.
AU - Kosmopoulos, M.
AU - Nikas, I.P.
AU - Spartalis, M.
AU - Kassi, E.
AU - Goulis, D.G.
AU - Lambrinoudaki, I.
AU - Siasos, G.
JO - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
PY - 2019
VL - 11
TODO - 10
SP - null
PB - MDPI AG
SN - 1385-1314
TODO - 10.3390/nu11102458
TODO - reactive oxygen metabolite;  vitamin D, Article;  atherosclerosis;  bioavailability;  blood pressure regulation;  body mass;  cardiovascular disease;  cardiovascular mortality;  cardiovascular risk;  diabetes mellitus;  disease severity;  follow up;  human;  hypercholesterolemia;  hypertension;  incidence;  ischemic heart disease;  obesity;  oxidative stress;  pathophysiology;  prevalence;  prospective study;  randomized controlled trial (topic);  risk factor;  vasculitis;  vitamin D deficiency;  vitamin supplementation;  cardiovascular disease;  complication;  vitamin D deficiency, Cardiovascular Diseases;  Humans;  Obesity;  Vitamin D Deficiency
TODO - The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its modification in the presence of obesity. Despite the strong association between vitamin D status and cardiovascular outcomes, vitamin D supplementation trials in the general population have failed to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. A comprehensive study of the published literature and a comparison with experimental data lead to the conclusion that obesity, due to its high prevalence and strong association with both vitamin D deficiency and CVD, may act as a critical confounder, which is responsible for the different results on this association. Adoption of a vitamin D preventive supplementation strategy for CVD is unlikely to yield any benefit to the general population. However, it might be particularly useful in obese adults with increased risk for CVD. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ER -