TY - JOUR
TI - Vascular inflammation and metabolic activity in hematopoietic organs and liver in familial combined hyperlipidemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
AU - Toutouzas, K.
AU - Skoumas, J.
AU - Koutagiar, I.
AU - Benetos, G.
AU - Pianou, N.
AU - Georgakopoulos, A.
AU - Galanakos, S.
AU - Antonopoulos, A.
AU - Drakopoulou, M.
AU - Oikonomou, E.K.
AU - Kafouris, P.
AU - Athanasiadis, E.
AU - Metaxas, M.
AU - Spyrou, G.
AU - Pallantza, Z.
AU - Galiatsatos, N.
AU - Aggeli, C.
AU - Antoniades, C.
AU - Keramida, G.
AU - Peters, A.M.
AU - Anagnostopoulos, C.D.
AU - Tousoulis, D.
JO - Journal of Clinical Lipidology
PY - 2018
VL - 12
TODO - 1
SP - 33-43
PB - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
SN - 1933-2874
TODO - 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019
TODO - C reactive protein;  fibrinogen;  fluorodeoxyglucose f 18;  low density lipoprotein;  triacylglycerol;  biological marker;  C reactive protein;  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor;  low density lipoprotein, adult;  aortic wall;  arterial inflammation;  artery disease;  Article;  bone marrow;  clinical article;  controlled study;  familial hypercholesterolemia;  familial hyperlipemia;  female;  hematopoietic system;  heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia;  homeostasis model assessment;  human;  lipid blood level;  liver;  male;  measurement;  metabolism;  positron emission tomography-computed tomography;  priority journal;  prospective study;  spleen;  vasculitis;  blood;  case control study;  diagnostic imaging;  familial hypercholesterolemia;  familial hyperlipemia;  heterozygote;  inflammation;  liver;  middle aged;  pathology, Adult;  Biomarkers;  Bone Marrow;  C-Reactive Protein;  Case-Control Studies;  Female;  Heterozygote;  Humans;  Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors;  Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined;  Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II;  Inflammation;  Lipoproteins, LDL;  Liver;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography;  Spleen
TODO - Background: Familial dyslipidemias of either heterozygous (heFH) or combined (FCH) type lead to accelerated atherogenesis and increased cardiovascular risk. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in statin-naïve adult patients with familial dyslipidemias whether inflammatory activation and liver, spleen and bone marrow metabolic activity differ compared with normolipidemic subjects and between dyslipidemic groups. Methods: Fourteen patients with FCH, 14 with heFH, and 14 normolipidemic individuals were enrolled. Serum lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels were measured, followed by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. Radiotracer uptake in the aortic wall, spleen, bone marrow, and liver was quantified as tissue-to-background ratio (TBR). Results: Patients with heFH had significantly higher low-density lipoprotein levels compared with those with FCH and controls (P < .001). However, aortic TBRs were higher in FCH compared with heFH patients and controls (P = .02 and P < .001, respectively). FCH patients exhibited higher FDG uptake in the spleen compared with controls (P = .05). In addition, FCH exhibited higher bone marrow FDG uptake compared with heFH patients and controls (P = .03 and P = .02, respectively). FCH had higher liver uptake compared with heFH patients and controls (P < .001 for both). Significant correlations were observed between inflammatory biomarkers and imaging indices as well as between aortic TBR and FDG uptake of hematopoietic organs and liver. Conclusions: Systemic, as well as vascular inflammation and spleen, bone marrow, and hepatic metabolic activity are increased in patients with FCH despite lower levels of low-density lipoprotein. © 2017 National Lipid Association
ER -