TY - JOUR
TI - Molecular markers associated with development and progression of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions: Current knowledge and future implications
AU - Nikitakis, N.G.
AU - Pentenero, M.
AU - Georgaki, M.
AU - Poh, C.F.
AU - Peterson, D.E.
AU - Edwards, P.
AU - Lingen, M.
AU - Sauk, J.J.
JO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
PY - 2018
VL - 125
TODO - 6
SP - 650-669
PB - Mosby Year Book Inc
SN - 2212-4403
TODO - 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.012
TODO - tumor marker, cell transformation;  disease exacerbation;  erythroplasia;  human;  leukoplakia;  mouth tumor;  pathology;  precancer;  risk factor;  squamous cell carcinoma, Biomarkers, Tumor;  Carcinoma, Squamous Cell;  Cell Transformation, Neoplastic;  Disease Progression;  Erythroplasia;  Humans;  Leukoplakia, Oral;  Mouth Neoplasms;  Precancerous Conditions;  Risk Factors
TODO - Identification and management of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions (PPOELs) at highest risk of malignant transformation holds great promise for successful secondary prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma, potentially reducing oral cancer morbidity and mortality. However, to date, neither clinical nor histopathologic validated risk predictors that can reliably predict which PPOELs will definitively progress to malignancy have been identified. In addition, the management of PPOELs remains a major challenge. Arguably, progress in the prevention and treatment of oral premalignancy and cancer will require improved understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, facilitating the discovery of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers, as well as the identification of novel targeted therapeutics. This review provides a synopsis of the molecular biomarkers that have been studied in PPOELs and have been correlated with the presence and grade of dysplasia and/or their propensity to undergo malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The emphasis is on highlighting new emerging research fields, particularly epigenetic events, including methylation and micro-RNA regulation. Several promising biomarkers are highlighted. Current limitations and challenges are discussed. Recommendations for future focused research areas, to validate and promote clinically useful applications, are offered. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
ER -