TY - JOUR
TI - Cytomegalovirus infection and IQ in patients with severe mental illness and healthy individuals
AU - Andreou, D.
AU - Jørgensen, K.N.
AU - Wortinger, L.A.
AU - Engen, K.
AU - Vaskinn, A.
AU - Ueland, T.
AU - Yolken, R.H.
AU - Andreassen, O.A.
AU - Agartz, I.
JO - Psychiatry Research
PY - 2021
VL - 300
TODO - null
SP - null
PB - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
SN - 0165-1781
TODO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113929
TODO - immunoglobulin G antibody;  virus antibody, adult;  Article;  bipolar disorder;  clinical feature;  controlled study;  cytomegalovirus infection;  disease association;  disease severity;  evidence based practice;  exposure;  female;  human;  immunoassay;  intelligence quotient;  major clinical study;  male;  mental disease;  risk factor;  schizophrenia spectrum disorder;  serology;  sex;  sex difference;  bipolar disorder;  complication;  intelligence test;  schizophrenia, Adult;  Antibodies, Viral;  Bipolar Disorder;  Cytomegalovirus Infections;  Female;  Humans;  Intelligence Tests;  Male;  Schizophrenia
TODO - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent adults is usually asymptomatic, but results in lifelong latency. Infection occurring congenitally or in immunodeficiency can lead to cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate the associations between CMV exposure and intelligence quotient (IQ) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZS), bipolar spectrum disorders (BDS) and healthy controls (HC). CMV immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations were measured by immunoassay and expressed as dichotomous measures (seropositive/CMV+ vs. seronegative/CMV-). Based on a significant CMV-by-diagnosis-by-sex interaction on IQ, we investigated main and interaction effects of CMV and sex on IQ in each diagnostic category. Significant CMV-by-sex interactions were found in patient groups. In SZS, CMV+ female patients (n = 50) had significantly lower IQ than CMV- female patients (n = 33), whereas CMV+ (n = 48) and CMV- (n = 45) male patients did not differ in IQ. In BDS, CMV+ (n = 49) and CMV- (n = 37) female patients did not differ in IQ, whereas CMV+ male patients (n = 33) had significantly higher IQ than CMV- male patients (n = 32). Among HC, CMV+ (n = 138) and CMV- (n = 118) male participants as well as CMV+ (n = 125) and CMV- (n = 93) female participants did not differ in IQ. Our findings suggest that CMV exposure may affect IQ in patients with severe mental illness but not HC. © 2021 The Authors
ER -