TY - JOUR
TI - Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance
AU - Stern, Y.
AU - Arenaza-Urquijo, E.M.
AU - Bartrés-Faz, D.
AU - Belleville, S.
AU - Cantilon, M.
AU - Chetelat, G.
AU - Ewers, M.
AU - Franzmeier, N.
AU - Kempermann, G.
AU - Kremen, W.S.
AU - Okonkwo, O.
AU - Scarmeas, N.
AU - Soldan, A.
AU - Udeh-Momoh, C.
AU - Valenzuela, M.
AU - Vemuri, P.
AU - Vuoksimaa, E.
AU - Urquiljo, E.M.A.
AU - Cantillon, M.
AU - Clouston, A.A.P.
AU - Estanga, A.
AU - Gold, B.
AU - Habeck, C.
AU - Jones, R.
AU - Kochhann, R.
AU - Lim, Y.Y.
AU - Martínez-Lage, P.
AU - Morbelli, S.
AU - Okonkwo, O.
AU - Ossenkoppele, R.
AU - Pettigrew, C.
AU - Rosen, A.C.
AU - Song, X.
AU - Van Loenhoud, A.C.
AU - and the Reserve, Resilience
AU - Protective Factors PIA Empirical Definitions
AU - Conceptual Frameworks Workgroup
JO - American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias
PY - 2020
VL - 16
TODO - 9
SP - 1305-1311
PB - John Wiley and Sons Inc
SN - 1533-3175
TODO - 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219
TODO - Alzheimer disease;  brain function;  cognitive reserve;  consensus;  functional neuroimaging;  human;  incidence;  practice guideline;  priority journal;  Review;  risk factor;  aging;  brain;  methodology;  physiology, Aging;  Alzheimer Disease;  Brain;  Cognitive Reserve;  Guidelines as Topic;  Humans;  Research Design
TODO - Several concepts, which in the aggregate get might be used to account for “resilience” against age- and disease-related changes, have been the subject of much research. These include brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance. However, different investigators have use these terms in different ways, and there has never been an attempt to arrive at consensus on the definition of these concepts. Furthermore, there has been confusion regarding the measurement of these constructs and the appropriate ways to apply them to research. Therefore the reserve, resilience, and protective factors professional interest area, established under the auspices of the Alzheimer's Association, established a whitepaper workgroup to develop consensus definitions for cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. The workgroup also evaluated measures that have been used to implement these concepts in research settings and developed guidelines for research that explores or utilizes these concepts. The workgroup hopes that this whitepaper will form a reference point for researchers in this area and facilitate research by supplying a common language. © 2019 the Alzheimer's Association
ER -