TY - JOUR
TI - Kinetics of nucleocapsid, spike and neutralizing antibodies, and viral load in patients with severe covid-19 treated with convalescent plasma
AU - Thomopoulos, T.P.
AU - Rosati, M.
AU - Terpos, E.
AU - Stellas, D.
AU - Hu, X.
AU - Karaliota, S.
AU - Bouchla, A.
AU - Katagas, I.
AU - Antoniadou, A.
AU - Mentis, A.
AU - Papageorgiou, S.G.
AU - Politou, M.
AU - Bear, J.
AU - Donohue, D.
AU - Kotanidou, A.
AU - Kalomenidis, I.
AU - Korompoki, E.
AU - Burns, R.
AU - Pagoni, M.
AU - Grouzi, E.
AU - Labropoulou, S.
AU - Stamoulis, K.
AU - Bamias, A.
AU - Tsiodras, S.
AU - Dimopoulos, M.-A.
AU - Pavlakis, G.N.
AU - Pappa, V.
AU - Felber, B.K.
JO - Virus Bulletin
PY - 2021
VL - 13
TODO - 9
SP - null
PB - MDPI
SN - 0956-9979
TODO - 10.3390/v13091844
TODO - convalescent plasma;  immunoglobulin A;  immunoglobulin G;  neutralizing antibody;  virus spike protein;  coronavirus spike glycoprotein;  neutralizing antibody;  virus antibody, antibody response;  antibody titer;  Article;  coronavirus disease 2019;  enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;  extracorporeal oxygenation;  female;  human;  humoral immunity;  immunology;  kinetics;  male;  nasopharyngeal swab;  nonhuman;  polymerase chain reaction;  receptor binding;  reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction;  RNA-binding domain;  Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;  viral clearance;  virology;  virus load;  virus nucleocapsid;  aged;  antibody production;  clinical trial;  host pathogen interaction;  immunology;  kinetics;  middle aged;  multicenter study;  passive immunization;  phase 2 clinical trial;  therapy;  very elderly;  virology;  virus nucleocapsid, Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Antibodies, Neutralizing;  Antibodies, Viral;  Antibody Formation;  COVID-19;  Female;  Host-Pathogen Interactions;  Humans;  Immunization, Passive;  Kinetics;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Nucleocapsid;  SARS-CoV-2;  Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus;  Viral Load
TODO - COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Despite meticulous research, only dexamethasone has shown consistent mortality reduction. Convalescent plasma (CP) infusion might also develop into a safe and effective treatment modality on the basis of recent studies and meta-analyses; however, little is known regarding the kinetics of antibodies in CP recipients. To evaluate the kinetics, we followed 31 CP recipients longitudinally enrolled at a median of 3 days post symptom onset for changes in binding and neutralizing antibody titers and viral loads. Antibodies against the complete trimeric Spike protein and the receptor-binding domain (Spike-RBD), as well as against the complete Nucleocapsid protein and the RNA binding domain (N-RBD) were determined at baseline and weekly following CP infusion. Neutralizing antibody (pseudotype NAb) titers were determined at the same time points. Viral loads were determined semi-quantitatively by SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Patients with low humoral responses at entry showed a robust increase of antibodies to all SARS-CoV-2 proteins and Nab, reaching peak levels within 2 weeks. The rapid increase in binding and neutralizing antibodies was paralleled by a concomitant clearance of the virus within the same timeframe. Patients with high humoral responses at entry demonstrated low or no further increases; however, virus clearance followed the same trajectory as in patients with low antibody response at baseline. Together, the sequential immunological and virological analysis of this well-defined cohort of patients early in infection shows the presence of high levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies and potent clearance of the virus. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ER -