TY - JOUR
TI - Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA-EAACI-GA2LEN consensus
AU - Hagemann, J.
AU - Onorato, G.L.
AU - Jutel, M.
AU - Akdis, C.A.
AU - Agache, I.
AU - Zuberbier, T.
AU - Czarlewski, W.
AU - Mullol, J.
AU - Bedbrook, A.
AU - Bachert, C.
AU - Bennoor, K.S.
AU - Bergmann, K.-C.
AU - Braido, F.
AU - Camargos, P.
AU - Caraballo, L.
AU - Cardona, V.
AU - Casale, T.
AU - Cecchi, L.
AU - Chivato, T.
AU - Chu, D.K.
AU - Cingi, C.
AU - Correia-de-Sousa, J.
AU - del Giacco, S.
AU - Dokic, D.
AU - Dykewicz, M.
AU - Ebisawa, M.
AU - El-Gamal, Y.
AU - Emuzyte, R.
AU - Fauquert, J.-L.
AU - Fiocchi, A.
AU - Fokkens, W.J.
AU - Fonseca, J.A.
AU - Gemicioglu, B.
AU - Gomez, R.-M.
AU - Gotua, M.
AU - Haahtela, T.
AU - Hamelmann, E.
AU - Iinuma, T.
AU - Ivancevich, J.C.
AU - Jassem, E.
AU - Kalayci, O.
AU - Kardas, P.
AU - Khaitov, M.
AU - Kuna, P.
AU - Kvedariene, V.
AU - Larenas-Linnemann, D.E.
AU - Lipworth, B.
AU - Makris, M.
AU - Maspero, J.F.
AU - Miculinic, N.
AU - Mihaltan, F.
AU - Mohammad, Y.
AU - Montefort, S.
AU - Morais-Almeida, M.
AU - Mösges, R.
AU - Naclerio, R.
AU - Neffen, H.
AU - Niedoszytko, M.
AU - O’Hehir, R.E.
AU - Ohta, K.
AU - Okamoto, Y.
AU - Okubo, K.
AU - Panzner, P.
AU - Papadopoulos, N.G.
AU - Passalacqua, G.
AU - Patella, V.
AU - Pereira, A.
AU - Pfaar, O.
AU - Plavec, D.
AU - Popov, T.A.
AU - Prokopakis, E.P.
AU - Puggioni, F.
AU - Raciborski, F.
AU - Reijula, J.
AU - Regateiro, F.S.
AU - Reitsma, S.
AU - Romano, A.
AU - Rosario, N.
AU - Rottem, M.
AU - Ryan, D.
AU - Samolinski, B.
AU - Sastre, J.
AU - Solé, D.
AU - Sova, M.
AU - Stellato, C.
AU - Suppli-Ulrik, C.
AU - Tsiligianni, I.
AU - Valero, A.
AU - Valiulis, A.
AU - Valovirta, E.
AU - Vasankari, T.
AU - Ventura, M.T.
AU - Wallace, D.
AU - Wang, D.Y.
AU - Williams, S.
AU - Yorgancioglu, A.
AU - Yusuf, O.M.
AU - Zernotti, M.
AU - Bousquet, J.
AU - Klimek, L.
JO - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
PY - 2021
VL - 76
TODO - 8
SP - 2354-2366
PB - John Wiley and Sons Inc
SN - null
TODO - 10.1111/all.14815
TODO - adult;  allergic rhinitis;  Article;  clinical feature;  common cold;  consensus development;  controlled study;  coronavirus disease 2019;  coughing;  Delphi study;  dyspnea;  eye pain;  eye redness;  human;  major clinical study;  nasal pruritus;  odor;  questionnaire;  rhinorrhea;  sneezing;  sore throat;  taste;  upper respiratory tract;  wheezing;  allergic rhinitis;  asthma;  consensus, Asthma;  Common Cold;  Consensus;  COVID-19;  Humans;  Rhinitis, Allergic;  SARS-CoV-2
TODO - Background: Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA-EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases. Methods: A modified Delphi process was used. The ARIA members who were seeing COVID-19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis. Results: Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded and 87 questionnaires were analysed. The consensus was then reported. A two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the symptom intensity between the three diseases (p <.001). Conclusions: This modified Delphi approach enabled the differentiation of upper respiratory symptoms between COVID-19, the common cold and allergic rhinitis. An electronic algorithm will be devised using the questionnaire. © 2021 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
ER -