TY - JOUR
TI - Bactericides based on copper nanoparticles restrain growth of important plant pathogens
AU - Varympopi, A.
AU - Dimopoulou, A.
AU - Theologidis, I.
AU - Karamanidou, T.
AU - Kerou, A.K.
AU - Vlachou, A.
AU - Karfaridis, D.
AU - Papafotis, D.
AU - Hatzinikolaou, D.G.
AU - Tsouknidas, A.
AU - Skandalis, N.
JO - PLoS Pathogens
PY - 2020
VL - 9
TODO - 12
SP - 1-14
PB - MDPI AG
SN - null
TODO - 10.3390/pathogens9121024
TODO - bactericide;  copper hydroxide;  copper nanoparticle;  copper nitrate;  cuprous oxide;  nanoparticle;  polymer;  reactive oxygen metabolite;  sodium hydroxide;  unclassified drug, Agrobacterium tumefaciens;  Alternaria alternata;  antibacterial activity;  antibiotic resistance;  Article;  cell viability;  controlled study;  drug stability;  electrophoresis;  Enterobacter aerogenes;  infrared spectroscopy;  limit of detection;  MIC50;  MIC90;  microbial growth;  minimum bactericidal concentration;  minimum inhibitory concentration;  Nicotiana benthamiana;  nonhuman;  photon correlation spectroscopy;  physical chemistry;  phytopathogen;  Pseudomonas aeruginosa;  scanning electron microscopy;  transmission electron microscopy;  ultraviolet spectroscopy;  X ray diffraction;  X ray photoemission spectroscopy;  Xanthomonas campestris;  zeta potential
TODO - Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can offer an alternative to conventional copper bactericides and possibly slow down the development of bacterial resistance. This will consequently lower the accumulation rate of copper to soil and water and lower the environmental and health burden imposed by copper application. Physical and chemical methods have been reported to synthesize CuNPs but their use as bactericides in plants has been understudied. In this study, two different CuNPs products have been developed, CuNP1 and CuNP2 in two respective concentrations (1500 ppm or 300 ppm). Both products were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection measurements, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Scattering, and Laser Doppler Electrophoresis. They were evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy in vitro against the gram-negative species Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya dadantii, Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Evaluation was based on comparisons with two commercial bactericides: Kocide (copper hydroxide) and Nordox (copper oxide). CuNP1 inhibited the growth of five species, restrained the growth of P. corrugata, and had no effect in X. c. pv campestris. MICs were significantly lower than those of the commercial formulations. CuNP2 inhibited the growth of E. amylovora and restrained growth of P. s. pv. savastanoi. Again, its overall activity was higher compared to commercial formulations. An extensive in vitro evaluation of CuNPs that show higher potential compared to their conventional counterpart is reported for the first time and suggests that synthesis of stable CuNPs can lead to the development of low-cost sustainable commercial products. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ER -