TY - JOUR
TI - 2019 Update of the Joint European League against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis
AU - Fanouriakis, A.
AU - Kostopoulou, M.
AU - Cheema, K.
AU - Anders, H.-J.
AU - Aringer, M.
AU - Bajema, I.
AU - Boletis, J.
AU - Frangou, E.
AU - Houssiau, F.A.
AU - Hollis, J.
AU - Karras, A.
AU - Marchiori, F.
AU - Marks, S.D.
AU - Moroni, G.
AU - Mosca, M.
AU - Parodis, I.
AU - Praga, M.
AU - Schneider, M.
AU - Smolen, J.S.
AU - Tesar, V.
AU - Trachana, M.
AU - Van Vollenhoven, R.F.
AU - Voskuyl, A.E.
AU - Teng, Y.K.O.
AU - Van Leew, B.
AU - Bertsias, G.
AU - Jayne, D.
AU - Boumpas, D.T.
JO - Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
PY - 2020
VL - 79
TODO - 6
SP - S713-S723
PB - BMJ Publishing Group
SN - 0003-4967, 1468-2060
TODO - 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-216924
TODO - aldosterone antagonist;  angiotensin receptor antagonist;  azathioprine;  belimumab;  calcineurin inhibitor;  cyclophosphamide;  glucocorticoid;  hydroxychloroquine;  immunosuppressive agent;  methylprednisolone;  mycophenolate mofetil;  mycophenolic acid;  prednisone;  renin inhibitor;  rituximab;  tacrolimus;  voclosporin;  antirheumatic agent;  mycophenolic acid, add on therapy;  Article;  clinical protocol;  comorbidity;  disease activity;  disease exacerbation;  drug pulse therapy;  drug use;  end stage renal disease;  glomerulus filtration rate;  hemodialysis;  human;  kidney biopsy;  kidney graft rejection;  kidney transplantation;  low drug dose;  lupus erythematosus nephritis;  maintenance therapy;  medical decision making;  medical society;  patient care;  patient monitoring;  peritoneal dialysis;  practice guideline;  pregnancy;  priority journal;  prognosis;  proteinuria;  systematic review;  treatment response;  chronic kidney failure;  combination drug therapy;  complication;  Europe;  lupus erythematosus nephritis;  pathology;  pathophysiology;  practice guideline;  proteinuria, Antirheumatic Agents;  Azathioprine;  Calcineurin Inhibitors;  Drug Therapy, Combination;  Europe;  Glomerular Filtration Rate;  Glucocorticoids;  Humans;  Hydroxychloroquine;  Immunosuppressive Agents;  Kidney Failure, Chronic;  Lupus Nephritis;  Mycophenolic Acid;  Proteinuria;  Societies, Medical
TODO - Objective To update the 2012 EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Following the EULAR standardised operating procedures, a systematic literature review was performed. Members of a multidisciplinary Task Force voted independently on their level of agreeement with the formed statements. Results The changes include recommendations for treatment targets, use of glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and management of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The target of therapy is complete response (proteinuria <0.5-0.7 g/24 hours with (near-)normal glomerular filtration rate) by 12 months, but this can be extended in patients with baseline nephrotic-range proteinuria. Hydroxychloroquine is recommended with regular ophthalmological monitoring. In active proliferative LN, initial (induction) treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF 2-3 g/day or mycophenolic acid (MPA) at equivalent dose) or low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (CY; 500 mg × 6 biweekly doses), both combined with glucocorticoids (pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone, then oral prednisone 0.3-0.5 mg/kg/day) is recommended. MMF/CNI (especially tacrolimus) combination and high-dose CY are alternatives, for patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria and adverse prognostic factors. Subsequent long-Term maintenance treatment with MMF or azathioprine should follow, with no or low-dose (<7.5 mg/day) glucocorticoids. The choice of agent depends on the initial regimen and plans for pregnancy. In non-responding disease, switch of induction regimens or rituximab are recommended. In pure membranous LN with nephrotic-range proteinuria or proteinuria >1 g/24 hours despite renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone blockade, MMF in combination with glucocorticoids is preferred. Assessment for kidney and extra-renal disease activity, and management of comorbidities is lifelong with repeat kidney biopsy in cases of incomplete response or nephritic flares. In ESKD, transplantation is the preferred kidney replacement option with immunosuppression guided by transplant protocols and/or extra-renal manifestations. Treatment of LN in children follows the same principles as adult disease. Conclusions We have updated the EULAR recommendations for the management of LN to facilitate homogenization of patient care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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