TY - JOUR
TI - Role of Cathepsin S in Periodontal Inflammation and Infection
AU - Memmert, S.
AU - Damanaki, A.
AU - Nogueira, A.V.B.
AU - Eick, S.
AU - Nokhbehsaim, M.
AU - Papadopoulou, A.K.
AU - Till, A.
AU - Rath, B.
AU - Jepsen, S.
AU - Götz, W.
AU - Piperi, C.
AU - Basdra, E.K.
AU - Cirelli, J.A.
AU - Jäger, A.
AU - Deschner, J.
JO - Mediators of Inflammation
PY - 2017
VL - 2017
TODO - null
SP - null
PB - Hindawi Limited
SN - 0962-9351, 1466-1861
TODO - 10.1155/2017/4786170
TODO - autophagy related gene 3 protein;  autophagy related protein;  bcl2 antagonist killer 1 protein;  cathepsin S;  chemokine receptor CXCR4;  death associated protein kinase 1;  dna damage regulated autophagy modulator 1;  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma;  glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase;  hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase;  immunity related gtpase family m;  insulin;  interleukin 1beta;  messenger RNA;  nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in b cell 1;  peptides and proteins;  phosphoinositide 3 kinase catalytic gamma polypeptide;  protein;  protein bcl 2;  protein Bid;  protein kinase;  somatomedin C;  TATA binding protein;  transmembrane protein 74;  tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand;  unclassified drug;  cathepsin;  cathepsin S, adolescent;  adult;  aged;  animal experiment;  animal model;  animal tissue;  Article;  autophagy;  cells by body anatomy;  child;  clinical article;  controlled study;  experimental periodontitis;  fibroblast;  Fusobacterium nucleatum;  gene expression level;  gene expression profiling;  gene expression regulation;  genetic association;  genetic transcription;  gingival biopsy;  human;  human cell;  human tissue;  in vitro study;  in vivo study;  male;  molecular pathology;  mRNA expression level;  nonhuman;  normal human;  periodontal disease;  periodontal ligament;  periodontal ligament cell;  periodontitis;  periodontium;  protein expression level;  rat;  upregulation;  animal;  cell culture;  enzymology;  female;  gingiva;  metabolism;  periodontitis;  physiology;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Animals;  Autophagy;  Cathepsins;  Cells, Cultured;  Child;  Female;  Gingiva;  Humans;  Male;  Periodontitis;  Rats;  Young Adult
TODO - Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease and regulator of autophagy with possible involvement in periodontitis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether cathepsin S is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Human periodontal fibroblasts were cultured under inflammatory and infectious conditions elicited by interleukin-1β and Fusobacterium nucleatum, respectively. An array-based approach was used to analyze differential expression of autophagy-associated genes. Cathepsin S was upregulated most strongly and thus further studied in vitro at gene and protein levels. In vivo, gingival tissue biopsies from rats with ligature-induced periodontitis and from periodontitis patients were also analyzed at transcriptional and protein levels. Multiple gene expression changes due to interleukin-1β and F. nucleatum were observed in vitro. Both stimulants caused a significant cathepsin S upregulation. A significantly elevated cathepsin S expression in gingival biopsies from rats with experimental periodontitis was found in vivo, as compared to that from control. Gingival biopsies from periodontitis patients showed a significantly higher cathepsin S expression than those from healthy gingiva. Our findings provide original evidence that cathepsin S is increased in periodontal cells and tissues under inflammatory and infectious conditions, suggesting a critical role of this autophagy-associated molecule in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. © 2017 S. Memmert et al.
ER -