TY - JOUR
TI - Impaired phagocytosis among patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus: Implication for a role of highly active anti-retroviral therapy
AU - Michailidis, C.
AU - Giannopoulos, G.
AU - Vigklis, V.
AU - Armenis, K.
AU - Tsakris, A.
AU - Gargalianos, P.
JO - Clinical and Experimental Immunology
PY - 2012
VL - 167
TODO - 3
SP - 499-504
PB - 
SN - null
TODO - 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04526.x
TODO - antiretrovirus agent, adult;  article;  CD4 lymphocyte count;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  female;  highly active antiretroviral therapy;  human;  human cell;  Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  immune response;  major clinical study;  male;  monocyte;  neutrophil;  phagocytosis;  priority journal;  respiratory burst;  virus load, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active;  Case-Control Studies;  CD4 Lymphocyte Count;  HIV Infections;  HIV-1;  Humans;  Immunity, Innate;  Monocytes;  Neutrophils;  Phagocytosis;  Respiratory Burst;  Treatment Failure;  Treatment Outcome;  Viral Load
TODO - In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, neutrophil and monocyte functions, including phagocytosis, are impaired. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of phagocytic function and respiratory burst occurring over the course of patients infected by the HIV-1 virus. Treatment-naive patients (group B), patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) (group C) and patients in which HAART has failed (group D) were studied and compared with healthy volunteers (group A). Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were evaluated using commercially available kits. Results clearly denote a significant decrease of the phagocytic function of both cell types of groups B and C compared with group A. Among group C patients, those in the upper quartile of CD4 increase had higher oxidative burst compared with patients of the other quartiles. In addition, comparisons clearly showed a lower degree of phagocytic function and of oxidative burst of both monocytes and neutrophils of group D compared with group B. Finally, it was found that monocyte and neutrophil function was correlated inversely to the change in viral load, i.e. the greater the decrease of viral load, the better the phagocytic and oxidative activity. Innate immunity defects appear to be present in HIV-positive patients, regarding phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of monocytes and neutrophils. These defects are greatly influenced by the level of treatment efficacy, with emphasis on CD4 cell counts and viral load. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Immunology © 2011 British Society for Immunology.
ER -