TY - JOUR
TI - Determination of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in drinking water from the Netherlands and Greece
AU - Zafeiraki, E.
AU - Costopoulou, D.
AU - Vassiliadou, I.
AU - Leondiadis, L.
AU - Dassenakis, E.
AU - Traag, W.
AU - Hoogenboom, R.L.A.P.
AU - van Leeuwen, S.P.J.
JO - Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment
PY - 2015
VL - 32
TODO - 12
SP - 2048-2057
PB - Taylor and Francis Ltd.
SN - null
TODO - 10.1080/19440049.2015.1086823
TODO - Chains;  Groundwater;  Reservoirs (water);  Surface waters;  Water, Bottled water;  Greece;  Netherlands;  PFASs;  Tap water, Potable water, bottled water;  drinking water;  perfluoroalkanoic acid;  perfluoroalkylated substance;  perfluorobutane sulfonate;  perfluorodecanoic acid;  perfluoroheptane sulfonate;  perfluoroheptanoic acid;  perfluorohexanesulfonic acid;  perfluorohexanoic acid;  perfluorononanoic acid;  perfluorooctanoic acid;  perfluoropentanoic acid;  perfluoroundecanoic acid;  tap water;  unclassified drug;  carbon;  drinking water;  fluorocarbon;  hexanoic acid derivative;  octanoic acid derivative;  perflubutane;  sulfonic acid derivative;  water pollutant, adsorption;  anion exchange;  Article;  controlled study;  Greece;  high performance liquid chromatography;  limit of detection;  limit of quantitation;  liquid chromatography;  Netherlands;  priority journal;  quality control;  signal noise ratio;  tandem mass spectrometry;  ultra performance liquid chromatography;  waste water management;  water analysis;  water contamination;  calibration;  chemistry;  human;  indicator dilution curve;  isolation and purification;  water pollutant, Calibration;  Caproates;  Caprylates;  Carbon Isotopes;  Chromatography, Liquid;  Drinking Water;  Fluorocarbons;  Greece;  Humans;  Indicator Dilution Techniques;  Limit of Detection;  Netherlands;  Sulfonic Acids;  Tandem Mass Spectrometry;  Water Pollutants, Chemical
TODO - In the present study 11 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) were analysed in drinking tap water samples from the Netherlands (n = 37) and from Greece (n = 43) by applying LC-MS/MS and isotope dilution. PFASs concentrations above the limit of quantification, LOQ (0.6 ng/l) were detected in 20.9% of the samples from Greece. Total PFAS concentrations ranged between <LOQ and 5.9 ng/l, with the highest concentrations noted for the three Aegean islands Mykonos, Kalymnos and Syros and for the town Tripoli in the Peloponnese. In the Dutch situation, total PFASs concentrations above the LOQ were detected in 48.6% of the samples, varying from <LOQ to 54 ng/l. The highest concentrations were detected around Amsterdam (including Schiphol airport) and more generally, PFASs were detected in the drinking water from the western part of the Netherlands. This seems attributable to the source, which is purified surface water in this area. Short-chain PFASs and especially perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were detected most frequently, whereas long-chain PFASs (C > 8) were only rarely detected. In the drinking water samples from the eastern part of the Netherlands, where drinking water is sourced from groundwater reservoirs, no PFASs were detected. This demonstrates that exposure to PFASs through drinking water in the Netherlands is dependent on the source. Additionally, five samples of bottled water from each country were analysed in the current study, with all of them originating from ground wells. In these samples, all PFASs were below the LOQ. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
ER -