TY - JOUR
TI - Phytotoxic triterpene saponins from Bellis longifolia, an endemic plant of Crete
AU - Stavropoulou, M.I.
AU - Angelis, A.
AU - Aligiannis, N.
AU - Kalpoutzakis, E.
AU - Mitakou, S.
AU - Duke, S.O.
AU - Fokialakis, N.
JO - Phytochemistry
PY - 2017
VL - 144
TODO - null
SP - 71-77
PB - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
SN - 0031-9422
TODO - 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.08.019
TODO - herbicide;  saponin;  triterpene, Araceae;  Asteraceae;  chemistry;  conformation;  dose response;  drug effects;  isolation and purification, Araceae;  Asteraceae;  Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;  Herbicides;  Molecular Conformation;  Saponins;  Triterpenes
TODO - In a study of 62 plant species of the Cretan flora for their phytotoxic activity, plants were extracted successively with CH2Cl2, MeOH and H2O. Phytotoxicity evaluation of the 240 extracts was performed against Lactuca sativa L. and Agrostis stolonifera L. The MeOH extract of Bellis longifolia was the most phytotoxic. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that a fraction consisting mainly of saponins was the most effective. Separation of the saponins was performed using initially a step-gradient Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC). Investigation of the active fraction led to the isolation and structure elucidation of three previously undescribed triterpene saponins, 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl polygalacic acid, 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-fucopyranosyl polygalacic acid and 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, which were present as the main phytotoxic compounds of the methanol extract. Two triterpenes, polygalacic acid and bellisonic acid and four kaempferol glucosides, as well as chlorogenic acid were also isolated. 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl polygalacic acid and 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid had phytotoxic activity similar to some commercial herbicides (IC50 values of ca. 25 μM) against duckweed (Lemna paucicostata). © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
ER -