TY - JOUR
TI - β-Sitosterol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in human aortic endothelial cells
AU - Loizou, S.
AU - Lekakis, I.
AU - Chrousos, G.P.
AU - Moutsatsou, P.
JO - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
PY - 2010
VL - 54
TODO - 4
SP - 551-558
PB - 
SN - null
TODO - 10.1002/mnfr.200900012
TODO - antiinflammatory agent;  cardiotonic agent;  fluorescent dye;  immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein;  intercellular adhesion molecule 1;  sitosterol;  sitosterol derivative;  tumor necrosis factor alpha;  vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, aorta;  article;  cell adhesion;  cell culture;  cell line;  chemistry;  cytology;  drug effect;  endothelium cell;  enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;  human;  metabolism;  monocyte;  phosphorylation;  physiology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents;  Aorta;  Cardiotonic Agents;  Cell Adhesion;  Cell Line;  Cells, Cultured;  Endothelial Cells;  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay;  Fluorescent Dyes;  Humans;  Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1;  Monocytes;  NF-kappa B;  Phosphorylation;  Sitosterols;  Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha;  Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
TODO - β-Sitosterol, normally present in vegetable-containing diets, comprises an important component of cholesterol controlling functional foods. It has been associated with cardiovascular protection, exerting its effect mainly through increasing the antioxidant defense system and effectively lowering the serum cholesterol levels in humans. However, its anti-inflammatory effect on endothelium is unknown. Attachment of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium and the subsequent migration of cells into the vessel wall are early events in atherogenesis, this process requiring the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. We examined the effect of β-sitosterol (0.1-200μM) on (i) the expression of vascular adhesion molecule 1 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 by cell ELISA and (ii) the attachment of monocytes (U937 cells) in tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α)-stimulated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by adhesion assay. The effect on nuclear factor-kB phosphorylation was also examined via a cell-based ELISA kit. Results showed that b-sitosterol inhibits significantly vascular adhesion molecule 1 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated HAEC as well as the binding of U937 cells to TNF-α-stimulated HAEC and attenuates the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kB p65. This study extends existing data regarding the cardioprotective effect of β-sitosterol and provides new insights into understanding the molecular mechanism under-lying the beneficial effect of β-sitosterol on endothelial function. © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
ER -