TY - JOUR
TI - Selection of the appropriate control group is essential in evaluating the cytokine storm in COVID-19
AU - Vassiliou, A.G.
AU - Dimopoulou, I.
AU - Jahaj, E.
AU - Keskinidou, C.
AU - Mastora, Z.
AU - Orfanos, S.E.
AU - Kotanidou, A.
JO - In vivo (Athens, Greece)
PY - 2021
VL - 35
TODO - 2
SP - 1295-1298
PB - International Institute of Anticancer Research
SN - null
TODO - 10.21873/INVIVO.12381
TODO - C reactive protein;  interleukin 10;  interleukin 6;  interleukin 8;  tumor necrosis factor;  interleukin 10;  interleukin 6;  interleukin 8;  tumor necrosis factor, adult;  adult respiratory distress syndrome;  APACHE;  Article;  artificial ventilation;  case control study;  clinical article;  comorbidity;  controlled study;  coronavirus disease 2019;  critical illness;  critically ill patient;  cytokine response;  cytokine storm;  data analysis software;  disease severity;  enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;  female;  hospital admission;  human;  hyperinflammation;  intensive care unit;  leukocyte count;  male;  middle aged;  mortality;  nasopharyngeal swab;  observational study;  patient selection;  prospective study;  real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction;  Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;  aged;  blood;  control group;  critical illness;  cytokine release syndrome;  epidemiology;  isolation and purification;  metabolism;  physiology;  prevention and control;  severity of illness index;  virology, Adult;  Aged;  Case-Control Studies;  Control Groups;  COVID-19;  Critical Illness;  Cytokine Release Syndrome;  Female;  Humans;  Intensive Care Units;  Interleukin-10;  Interleukin-6;  Interleukin-8;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Prospective Studies;  SARS-CoV-2;  Severity of Illness Index;  Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
TODO - Background/Aim: Lately, studies have reported contradicting results on the cytokine storm seen in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. Depending on the control group used, cytokines have been found to be higher, similar or even lower in COVID-19 compared to critical illnesses associated with elevated cytokine concentrations. However, most of these studies do not take into account critical illness severity. Hence, we decided to compare cytokine levels in critically-ill COVID-19 patients and critically-ill patients of a general intensive care unit (ICU), who did not have sepsis or septic shock, but had an equal disease severity. Patients and Methods: Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured on ICU admission in mechanically ventilated, COVID-19 (N=36) and non-COVID-19 (N=30) patients, who had not received dexamethasone, and had equal critical illness severity. Non-COVID-19 patients did not have sepsis or septic shock. Results: In our case control study, circulating IL-6 and IL-10 were lower, while TNF-α and IL-8 levels were higher in critically-ill COVID-19 patients, compared to critically-ill non-COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: It is difficult to infer whether the cytokine storm seen in COVID-19 differs from other critical conditions. It is important to recognize that the conclusions of related studies may depend on control group selection. © 2021 International Institute of Anticancer Research. All rights reserved.
ER -