TY - JOUR
TI - Organochlorine pesticide levels in Greek patients with Parkinson's disease
AU - Dardiotis, E.
AU - Aloizou, A.-M.
AU - Sakalakis, E.
AU - Siokas, V.
AU - Koureas, M.
AU - Xiromerisiou, G.
AU - Petinaki, E.
AU - Wilks, M.
AU - Tsatsakis, A.
AU - Hadjichristodoulou, C.
AU - Stefanis, L.
AU - Hadjigeorgiou, G.M.
JO - Toxicology Reports
PY - 2020
VL - 7
TODO - null
SP - 596-601
PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN - 2214-7500
TODO - 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.011
TODO - 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane;  1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene;  chlordane;  chlorphenotane;  hepachlor epoxide;  heptachlor;  hexachlorobenzene;  organochlorine pesticide;  triacylglycerol;  unclassified drug, aged;  Article;  blood level;  blood sampling;  controlled study;  disease duration;  female;  follow up;  Greek (people);  human;  limit of detection;  limit of quantitation;  logistic regression analysis;  major clinical study;  male;  mass fragmentography;  Parkinson disease;  priority journal;  questionnaire;  solid phase microextraction
TODO - Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, mostly presenting with characteristic motor symptoms. Organochlorines (OC) are a class of widely-used pesticides that have been included among the list of environmental factors incriminated in PD pathogenesis. However, most studies reporting this association are based on questionnaires, and few have reported exposure data. Aim: To examine the relationship between OC blood concentrations and PD risk. Methods: In the present study, we studied the concentrations of 8 OC compounds (hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, hepachlor epoxide, c-chlordane, a-chlordane, p,p’-DDE, DDD, DDT) in 104 Greek PD patients and 110 healthy controls. Results: All substances studied were present in at least one sample. The most frequently detected (above the level of quantification) pesticides were p,p’-DDE (n = 214, 100 % of both groups) and hexachlorobenzene, HCB (n = 189, cases 46.5 %, controls 53.5 %). Higher levels of DDE were detected among PD patients in comparison to controls by using logistic regression analysis to control for confounders [Odds Ratio, OR (95 % confidence interval, C.I.)]: 2.592,(1.29–5.21)], whilst lower levels of HCB were detect among PD patients [OR,95 %CI:0.176(0.09−0.35)]. Conclusions: Our data suggest that exposure to specific OCs is related to the risk of PD. Further studies, using real exposure data, are needed in order to confirm and extend these findings. © 2020
ER -