TY - JOUR
TI - Characteristics of the Human Upper Gastrointestinal Contents in the Fasted State Under Hypo- and A-chlorhydric Gastric Conditions Under Conditions of Typical Drug – Drug Interaction Studies
AU - Litou, C.
AU - Vertzoni, M.
AU - Goumas, C.
AU - Vasdekis, V.
AU - Xu, W.
AU - Kesisoglou, F.
AU - Reppas, C.
JO - Pharmaceutical Research
PY - 2016
VL - 33
TODO - 6
SP - 1399-1412
PB - Springer New York LLC
SN - 0724-8741, 1573-904X
TODO - 10.1007/s11095-016-1882-8
TODO - buffer;  chloride ion;  cholesterol;  famotidine;  glycochenodeoxycholic acid;  glycocholic acid;  pantoprazole;  phosphatidylcholine;  protein;  water;  2 [[(2 pyridyl)methyl]sulfinyl]benzimidazole derivative;  bile acid;  chloride;  famotidine;  histamine H2 receptor antagonist;  pantoprazole;  proton pump inhibitor, adult;  Article;  controlled study;  crossover procedure;  diet restriction;  gastric suction;  human;  human experiment;  limit of quantitation;  male;  morning dosage;  normal human;  osmolality;  physical chemistry;  priority journal;  protein content;  small intestine;  stomach acid secretion;  stomach content;  stomach juice;  stomach pH;  surface tension;  upper gastrointestinal tract;  viscosity;  achlorhydria;  chemically induced;  chemistry;  clinical trial;  comparative study;  diet restriction;  drinking;  drug administration;  drug effects;  drug interaction;  Greece;  metabolism;  oral drug administration;  osmolarity;  pH;  secretion (process);  stomach acid;  stomach juice;  stomach mucosa;  suction;  time factor;  young adult, 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles;  Achlorhydria;  Administration, Oral;  Adult;  Bile Acids and Salts;  Buffers;  Chlorides;  Cross-Over Studies;  Drinking;  Drug Administration Schedule;  Drug Interactions;  Famotidine;  Fasting;  Gastric Acid;  Gastric Mucosa;  Gastrointestinal Contents;  Greece;  Healthy Volunteers;  Histamine H2 Antagonists;  Humans;  Hydrogen-Ion Concentration;  Male;  Osmolar Concentration;  Proton Pump Inhibitors;  Suction;  Surface Tension;  Time Factors;  Young Adult
TODO - Objective: Evaluate the impact of reduced gastric acid secretion after administration of two acid-reducing agents on the physicochemical characteristics of contents of upper gastrointestinal lumen of fasted adults. Materials and Methods: Eight healthy male adults, fasted from food for 12 h, participated in a three-phase crossover study. Phase 1: No drug treatment prior to aspirations. Phase 2: Oral administration of 40 mg pantoprazole at ~9 am the last 3 days prior to aspirations and at ~7 am on aspiration day. Phase 3: Oral administration of 20 mg famotidine at ~7 pm prior to aspirations and at ~7 am on aspiration day. Samples from the contents of upper gastrointestinal lumen were aspirated for 50 min, after administration of 240 ml table water at ~9 am. Results: Reduction of gastric acid secretion was accompanied by reduced buffer capacity, chloride ion concentration, osmolality and surface tension in stomach and by increased pH (up to ~0.7 units) in upper small intestine during the first 50 min post-water administration. The mechanism of reduction of acid secretion seems to be important for the buffer capacity in stomach and for the surface tension in upper gastrointestinal lumen. Conclusions: Apart from gastric pH, reduced acid secretion affects physicochemical characteristics of contents of upper gastrointestinal lumen which may be important for the performance of certain drugs/products in the fasted state. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
ER -