TY - JOUR TI - Sensor to monitor localized stresses on steel surfaces using the magnetostrictive delay line technique AU - Liang, K. AU - Angelopoulos, S. AU - Lepipas, G. AU - Tsarabaris, P. AU - Ktena, A. AU - Bi, X. AU - Hristoforou, E. JO - Sensors (Switzerland) PY - 2019 VL - 19 TODO - 21 SP - null PB - MDPI AG SN - null TODO - 10.3390/s19214797 TODO - Residual stresses, Force sensor; Health monitoring; Hysteretic response; Localized stress; Magnetostrictive delay lines; Steel surface; Surface permeability, Permanent magnets TODO - In this paper, a new type of force sensor is presented, able to monitor localized residual stresses on steel surfaces. The principle of operation of the proposed sensor is based on the monitoring of the force exerted between a permanent magnet and the under-test steel which is dependent on the surface permeability of the steel providing a non-hysteretic response. The sensor’s response, calibration, and performance are described followed by a discussion concerning the applications for steel health monitoring. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ER -