TY - JOUR
TI - Evaluation of Plasma Trace Elements in Different Stages of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
AU - Asprouli, E.
AU - Kalafati, I.P.
AU - Sakellari, A.
AU - Karavoltsos, S.
AU - Vlachogiannakos, J.
AU - Revenas, K.
AU - Kokkinos, A.
AU - Dassenakis, M.
AU - Dedoussis, G.V.
AU - Kalogeropoulos, N.
JO - Biological Trace Element Research
PY - 2019
VL - 188
TODO - 2
SP - 326-333
PB - Humana Press Inc.
SN - 0163-4984, 1559-0720
TODO - 10.1007/s12011-018-1432-9
TODO - alanine aminotransferase;  arsenic acid;  aspartate aminotransferase;  barium;  cadmium;  cesium;  cobalt;  copper;  gamma glutamyltransferase;  high density lipoprotein cholesterol;  insulin;  iron;  liver enzyme;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  rubidium;  strontium;  thallium;  trace element;  zinc;  arsenic;  biological marker;  heavy metal;  insulin;  trace element, adult;  alanine aminotransferase blood level;  Article;  aspartate aminotransferase blood level;  blood sampling;  cholesterol blood level;  controlled study;  dietary intake;  disease exacerbation;  disease severity;  female;  gamma glutamyl transferase blood level;  glucose blood level;  Greece;  homeostasis model assessment;  human;  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry;  insulin blood level;  insulin resistance;  major clinical study;  male;  metabolic syndrome X;  nonalcoholic fatty liver;  obesity;  physical activity;  prevalence;  risk factor;  triacylglycerol blood level;  ultrasound;  blood;  body mass;  case control study;  liver function test;  middle aged;  nonalcoholic fatty liver;  questionnaire;  severity of illness index;  statistical model, Adult;  Arsenic;  Biomarkers;  Body Mass Index;  Case-Control Studies;  Disease Progression;  Female;  Greece;  Humans;  Insulin;  Linear Models;  Liver Function Tests;  Male;  Metals, Heavy;  Middle Aged;  Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease;  Severity of Illness Index;  Surveys and Questionnaires;  Trace Elements
TODO - Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its global prevalence is estimated between 25 and 45%, occurring mainly in overweight individuals with unhealthy dietary habits and low levels of physical activity. Many studies have investigated the association of trace elements with liver diseases, though not with NAFLD. In this work, we investigated trace element levels in plasma of patients and not-patients and their possible association with various stages of the disease. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed for the determination of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, Tl, and Zn in the plasma of 189 free-living residents of Athens, Greece, either healthy or patients with mild, moderate, or severe NAFLD. The disease was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound; blood samples were analyzed for total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and liver enzymes, namely aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltransferase (Gamma-GT); insulin resistance was determined by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Zinc exhibited a statistically significant negative association with the severity of the disease, while cesium showed a statistically significant positive association. Moreover, thallium and iron were inversely associated with insulin levels. Trace element determination in plasma could be useful for establishing relationships with NAFLD status of patients. Further research is required for the verification and interpretation of these findings. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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