TY - JOUR TI - Acute abdomen in the immunocompromised patient: WSES, SIS-E, WSIS, AAST, and GAIS guidelines AU - Coccolini, Federico AU - Improta, Mario AU - Sartelli, Massimo AU - Rasa, AU - Kemal AU - Sawyer, Robert AU - Coimbra, Raul AU - Chiarugi, Massimo and AU - Litvin, Andrey AU - Hardcastle, Timothy AU - Forfori, Francesco and AU - Vincent, Jean-Louis AU - Hecker, Andreas AU - Ten Broek, Richard and AU - Bonavina, Luigi AU - Chirica, Mircea AU - Boggi, Ugo AU - Pikoulis, AU - Emmanuil AU - Di Saverio, Salomone AU - Montravers, Philippe AU - Augustin, AU - Goran AU - Tartaglia, Dario AU - Cicuttin, Enrico AU - Cremonini, Camilla AU - and Viaggi, Bruno AU - De Simone, Belinda AU - Malbrain, Manu AU - Shelat, AU - Vishal G. AU - Fugazzola, Paola AU - Ansaloni, Luca AU - Isik, Arda and AU - Rubio, Ines AU - Kamal, Itani AU - Corradi, Francesco AU - Tarasconi, AU - Antonio AU - Gitto, Stefano AU - Podda, Mauro AU - Pikoulis, Anastasia and AU - Leppaniemi, Ari AU - Ceresoli, Marco AU - Romeo, Oreste AU - Moore, Ernest AU - E. AU - Demetrashvili, Zaza AU - Biffl, Walter L. AU - Wani, Imitiaz and AU - Tolonen, Matti AU - Duane, Therese AU - Dhingra, Sameer AU - DeAngelis, AU - Nicola AU - Tan, Edward AU - Abu-Zidan, Fikri AU - Ordonez, Carlos AU - Cui, AU - Yunfeng AU - Labricciosa, Francesco AU - Perrone, Gennaro AU - Di Marzo, AU - Francesco AU - Peitzman, Andrew AU - Sakakushev, Boris AU - Sugrue, Michael AU - and Boermeester, Marja AU - Nunez, Ramiro Manzano AU - Gomes, Carlos AU - Augusto AU - Bala, Miklosh AU - Kluger, Yoram AU - Catena, Fausto JO - World Journal of Emergency Surgery PY - 2021 VL - 16 TODO - 1 SP - null PB - BMC SN - 1749-7922 TODO - 10.1186/s13017-021-00380-1 TODO - Infections; Intra-abdominal; Peritonitis; Cholecystitis; Appendicitis; Diverticulitis; Perforation; Transplanted; Oncologic; Cancer; Perioperative; Anesthesia; Hematologic; Cytomegalovirus; Tuberculosis; Lymphoma; Leukemia; Immunosuppression; Immunocompetence; Immunocompromise TODO - Immunocompromised patients are a heterogeneous and diffuse category frequently presenting to the emergency department with acute surgical diseases. Diagnosis and treatment in immunocompromised patients are often complex and must be multidisciplinary. Misdiagnosis of an acute surgical disease may be followed by increased morbidity and mortality. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of surgical disease occur; these patients may seek medical assistance late because their symptoms are often ambiguous. Also, they develop unique surgical problems that do not affect the general population. Management of this population must be multidisciplinary. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Surgical Infection Society Europe (SIS-E), World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), and Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery (GAIS) joined guidelines about the management of acute abdomen in immunocompromised patients. ER -