TY - JOUR
TI - Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six
European cohorts
AU - So, Rina
AU - Chen, Jie
AU - Mehta, Amar J.
AU - Liu, Shuo
AU - Strak,
AU - Maciej
AU - Wolf, Kathrin
AU - Hvidtfeldt, Ulla A.
AU - Rodopoulou, Sophia
AU - and Stafoggia, Massimo
AU - Klompmaker, Jochem O.
AU - Samoli, Evangelia
AU - and Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Atkinson, Richard
AU - Bauwelinck, Mariska
AU - and Bellander, Tom
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
AU - Brandt,
AU - Jorgen
AU - Brunekreef, Bert
AU - Cesaroni, Giulia
AU - Concin, Hans and
AU - Forastiere, Francesco
AU - van Gils, Carla H.
AU - Gulliver, John and
AU - Hertel, Ole
AU - Hoffmann, Barbara
AU - de Hoogh, Kees
AU - Janssen, Nicole
AU - and Lim, Youn-Hee
AU - Westendorp, Rudi
AU - Jorgensen, Jeanette T. and
AU - Katsouyanni, Klea
AU - Ketzel, Matthias
AU - Lager, Anton
AU - Lang, Alois
AU - and Ljungman, Petter L.
AU - Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
AU - Nagel, Gabriele
AU - and Simonsen, Mette K.
AU - Pershagen, Goran
AU - Peter, Raphael S. and
AU - Peters, Annette
AU - Renzi, Matteo
AU - Rizzuto, Debora
AU - Sigsgaard,
AU - Torben
AU - Vienneau, Danielle
AU - Weinmayr, Gudrun
AU - Severi, Gianluca
AU - and Fecht, Daniela
AU - Tjonneland, Anne
AU - Leander, Karin
AU - Hoek,
AU - Gerard
AU - Andersen, Zorana J.
JO - International Journal  of Cancer
PY - 2021
VL - 149
TODO - 11
SP - 1887-1897
PB - Wiley
SN - 0020-7136
TODO - 10.1002/ijc.33743
TODO - air pollution; cohort study; liver cancer incidence; particulate matter
TODO - Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been
classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have
explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult
cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the
“Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe” (ELAPSE)
project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to
2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate
matter with diameter <2.5 mu m (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), warm-season
ozone (O-3), and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron,
zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, and potassium) were estimated
by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants’
residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution
and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting
for potential confounders. Of 330 064 cancer-free adults at baseline,
512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We
observed positive linear associations between NO2 (hazard ratio, 95%
confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 mu g/m(3)), PM2.5 (1.12,
0.92-1.36 per 5 mu g/m(3)), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10(-5)/m)
and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO2 and BC persisted in
two-pollutant models with PM2.5. Most components of PM2.5 were
associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest
associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment
for PM2.5 or NO2. Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may
increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current
EU standards.
ER -