TY - JOUR
TI - Precise probes of type II interferon activity define the origin of interferon signatures in target tissues in rheumatic diseases
AU - Hall, J.C.
AU - Casciola-Rosen, L.
AU - Berger, A.E.
AU - Kapsogeorgou, E.K.
AU - Cheadle, C.
AU - Tzioufas, A.G.
AU - Baer, A.N.
AU - Rosen, A.
JO - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
PY - 2012
VL - 109
TODO - 43
SP - 17609-17614
PB - 
SN - null
TODO - 10.1073/pnas.1209724109
TODO - alpha interferon;  gamma interferon;  messenger RNA, article;  biological activity;  controlled study;  dermatomyositis;  epithelium cell;  human;  human cell;  human tissue;  immunoblotting;  inflammatory cell;  microarray analysis;  molecular probe;  muscle biopsy;  pathogenesis;  priority journal;  protein expression;  protein interaction;  protein localization;  salivary gland biopsy;  Sjoegren syndrome, Epithelial Cells;  Gene Expression Regulation;  Humans;  Interferon-gamma;  Rheumatic Diseases;  Salivary Glands
TODO - Elucidating the molecular pathways active in pathologic tissues has important implications for defining disease subsets, selecting therapy, and monitoring disease activity. The development of therapeutics directed at IFN-α or IFN-γ makes the discovery of probes that report precisely on the activity of different IFN pathways a high priority. We show that, although type I and II IFNs induce the expression of a largely overlapping group of molecules, precise probes of IFN-γ activity can be defined. Used in combination, these probes show prominent IFN-γ effects in Sjögren syndrome (SS) tissues. In contrast, dermatomyositis muscle shows a dominant type I IFN pattern. Interestingly, heterogeneity of IFN signatures exists in patients with SS, with some patients demonstrating a predominant type I pattern. The biochemical patterns largely distinguish the target tissues in patients with SS from those with dermatomyositis and provide a relative weighting of the effects of distinct IFN pathways in specific biopsies. In SS, type I and II IFN effects are localized to the same epithelial cells, surrounded by inflammatory cells expressing IFN-γ-induced proteins, suggesting reinforcing interactions. Precise probes of the different IFN pathways active in tissues of complex rheumatic diseases will be critical to classify disease, elucidate pathogenesis, and select therapy.
ER -