TY - JOUR
TI - Improved Representation of Clouds in the Atmospheric Component LMDZ6A of the IPSL-CM6A Earth System Model
AU - Madeleine, J.-B.
AU - Hourdin, F.
AU - Grandpeix, J.-Y.
AU - Rio, C.
AU - Dufresne, J.-L.
AU - Vignon, E.
AU - Boucher, O.
AU - Konsta, D.
AU - Cheruy, F.
AU - Musat, I.
AU - Idelkadi, A.
AU - Fairhead, L.
AU - Millour, E.
AU - Lefebvre, M.-P.
AU - Mellul, L.
AU - Rochetin, N.
AU - Lemonnier, F.
AU - Touzé-Peiffer, L.
AU - Bonazzola, M.
JO - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
PY - 2020
VL - 12
TODO - 10
SP - null
PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
SN - 1942-2466
TODO - 10.1029/2020MS002046
TODO - Earth (planet);  Parameterization, Atmospheric components;  Cloud parameterizations;  Cloud radiative effects;  Earth system model;  Global distribution;  High-latitude regions;  Low-level cloud covers;  Object oriented approach, Climate models, atmospheric convection;  CALIPSO;  climate modeling;  cloud cover;  cloud radiative forcing;  CloudSat;  observational method;  PARASOL
TODO - The cloud parameterizations of the LMDZ6A climate model (the atmospheric component of the IPSL-CM6 Earth system model) are entirely described, and the global cloud distribution and cloud radiative effects are evaluated against the CALIPSO-CloudSat and CERES observations. The cloud parameterizations in recent versions of LMDZ favor an object-oriented approach for convection, with two distinct parameterizations for shallow and deep convection and a coupling between convection and cloud description through the specification of the subgrid-scale distribution of water. Compared to the previous version of the model (LMDZ5A), LMDZ6A better represents the low-level cloud distribution in the tropical belt, and low-level cloud reflectance and cover are closer to the PARASOL and CALIPSO-GOCCP observations. Mid-level clouds, which were mostly missing in LMDZ5A, are now better represented globally. The distribution of cloud liquid and ice in mixed-phase clouds is also in better agreement with the observations. Among identified deficiencies, low-level cloud covers are too high in mid-latitude to high-latitude regions, and high-level cloud covers are biased low globally. However, the cloud global distribution is significantly improved, and progress has been made in the tuning of the model, resulting in a radiative balance in close agreement with the CERES observations. Improved tuning also revealed structural biases in LMDZ6A, which are currently being addressed through a series of new physical and radiative parameterizations for the next version of LMDZ. ©2020. The Authors.
ER -