TY - JOUR
TI - Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices
AU - Botitsi, H.V.
AU - Garbis, S.D.
AU - Economou, A.
AU - Tsipi, D.F.
JO - Mass Spectrometry Reviews
PY - 2011
VL - 30
TODO - 5
SP - 907-939
PB - 
SN - 0277-7037, 1098-2787
TODO - 10.1002/mas.20307
TODO - Analytical Instrumentation;  Analytical problems;  Analytical tool;  Desorption electrospray ionization;  Direct analysis in real time;  Environmental issues;  Fast gas chromatography;  food and water;  High resolution;  Ion traps;  Linear ion trap;  Mass accuracy;  Mass spectrometry strategies;  Multi-class;  Orbitrap;  Pesticide residue;  Pesticide residue analysis;  Pre-Treatment;  Quadrupoles;  Research areas;  Sample matrix;  Sample preparation;  Solid-phase extraction;  Time of flight;  Ultraperformance liquid chromatography;  Water matrices, Agricultural chemicals;  Biomolecules;  Desorption;  Electrospray ionization;  Food safety;  Gas chromatography;  Health;  Ionization of gases;  Ionization potential;  Liquid chromatography;  Liquids;  Mass spectrometers;  Mass spectrometry;  Matrix algebra;  Metabolism;  Metabolites;  Pesticides;  Solvent extraction;  Solvents, Chemical contamination, pesticide residue;  water;  water pollutant, analysis;  chemistry;  devices;  food analysis;  gas chromatography;  high performance liquid chromatography;  human;  mass spectrometry;  procedures;  sensitivity and specificity;  solid phase extraction;  water pollutant, Chromatography, Gas;  Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid;  Food Analysis;  Humans;  Pesticide Residues;  Sensitivity and Specificity;  Solid Phase Extraction;  Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization;  Water;  Water Pollutants, Chemical
TODO - Analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices continues to be an active research area closely related to food safety and environmental issues. This review discusses the most widely applied mass spectrometric (MS) approaches to pesticide residues analysis over the last few years. The main techniques for sample preparation remain solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) approach is being increasingly used for the development of multi-class pesticide residues methods in various sample matrices. MS detectors-triple quadrupole (QqQ), ion-trap (IT), quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLIT), time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF)-have been established as powerful analytical tools sharing a primary role in the detection/quantification and/or identification/confirmation of pesticides and their metabolites. Recent developments in analytical instrumentation have enabled coupling of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and fast gas chromatography (GC) with MS detectors, and faster analysis for a greater number of pesticides. The newly developed "ambient-ionization" MS techniques (e.g., desorption electrospray ionization, DESI, and direct analysis in real time, DART) hyphenated with high-resolution MS platforms without liquid chromatography separation, and sometimes with minimum pre-treatment, have shown potential for pesticide residue screening. The recently introduced Orbitrap mass spectrometers can provide high resolving power and mass accuracy, to tackle complex analytical problems involved in pesticide residue analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ER -