TY - JOUR
TI - CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS): Developments and future outlook
AU - Turchetta, R.
AU - Fant, A.
AU - Gasiorek, P.
AU - Esbrand, C.
AU - Griffiths, J.A.
AU - Metaxas, M.G.
AU - Royle, G.J.
AU - Speller, R.
AU - Venanzi, C.
AU - van der Stelt, P.F.
AU - Verheij, H.
AU - Li, G.
AU - Theodoridis, S.
AU - Georgiou, H.
AU - Cavouras, D.
AU - Hall, G.
AU - Noy, M.
AU - Jones, J.
AU - Leaver, J.
AU - Machin, D.
AU - Greenwood, S.
AU - Khaleeq, M.
AU - Schulerud, H.
AU - Østby, J.M.
AU - Triantis, F.
AU - Asimidis, A.
AU - Bolanakis, D.
AU - Manthos, N.
AU - Longo, R.
AU - Bergamaschi, A.
JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
PY - 2007
VL - 582
TODO - 3
SP - 866-870
PB - 
SN - null
TODO - 10.1016/j.nima.2007.07.112
TODO - Charge coupled devices;  CMOS integrated circuits;  Digital cameras;  Image sensors;  Radiation hardening, Imaging devices;  Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS);  Web-cams, Electric insulators
TODO - Re-invented in the early 1990s, on both sides of the Atlantic, Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) in a CMOS technology are today the most sold solid-state imaging devices, overtaking the traditional technology of Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD). The slow uptake of CMOS MAPS started with low-end applications, for example web-cams, and is slowly pervading the high-end applications, for example in prosumer digital cameras. Higher specifications are required for scientific applications: very low noise, high speed, high dynamic range, large format and radiation hardness are some of these requirements. This paper will present a brief overview of the CMOS Image Sensor technology and of the requirements for scientific applications. As an example, a sensor for X-ray imaging will be presented. This sensor was developed within a European FP6 Consortium, intelligent imaging sensors (I-ImaS). © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ER -