TY - JOUR
TI - A comprehensive guide to sperm recovery in infertile men with retrograde ejaculation
AU - Gupta, S.
AU - Sharma, R.
AU - Agarwal, A.
AU - Parekh, N.
AU - Finelli, R.
AU - Shah, R.
AU - Kandil, H.
AU - Saleh, R.
AU - Arafa, M.
AU - Ko, E.
AU - Simopoulou, M.
AU - Zini, A.
AU - Rajmil, O.
AU - Kavoussi, P.
AU - Singh, K.
AU - Ambar, R.F.
AU - Elbardisi, H.
AU - Sengupta, P.
AU - Martinez, M.
AU - Boitrelle, F.
AU - Alves, M.G.
AU - Khalafalla, K.
AU - Roychoudhury, S.
AU - Busetto, G.M.
AU - Gosalvez, J.
AU - Tadros, N.
AU - Palani, A.
AU - Rodriguez, M.G.
AU - Anagnostopoulou, C.
AU - Micic, S.
AU - Rocco, L.
AU - Mostafa, T.
AU - Alvarez, J.G.
AU - Jindal, S.
AU - Sallam, H.
AU - Rosas, I.M.
AU - Lewis, S.E.M.
AU - AlSaid, S.
AU - Altan, M.
AU - Park, H.J.
AU - Ramsay, J.
AU - Parekattil, S.
AU - Sabbaghian, M.
AU - Tremellen, K.
AU - Vogiatzi, P.
AU - Gilani, M.A.S.
AU - Evenson, D.P.
AU - Colpi, G.M.
JO - WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH
PY - 2021
VL - 39
TODO - null
SP - null
PB - Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology
SN - null
TODO - 10.5534/WJMH.210069
TODO - alkalinization;  bladder;  human;  male infertility;  retrograde ejaculation;  Review;  seminal plasma;  sperm count;  sperm viability;  sperm washing;  spermatozoon density;  spermatozoon motility;  urinalysis;  urine pH
TODO - Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is a condition defined as the backward flow of the semen during ejaculation, and when present can result in male infertility. RE may be partial or complete, resulting in either low seminal volume or complete absence of the ejaculate (dry ejaculate). RE can result from anatomic, neurological or pharmacological conditions. The treatment approaches outlined are determined by the cause. Alkalinizing urinary pH with oral medications or by adding sperm wash media into the bladder prior to ejaculation may preserve the viability of the sperm. This article provides a step-by-step guide to diagnose RE and the optimal techniques to retrieve sperm. Copyright © 2021 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology
ER -