TY - JOUR
TI - The Effect of Pituitary Gland Disorders on Glucose Metabolism: From Pathophysiology to Management
AU - Sydney, G.I.
AU - Michalakis, K.
AU - Nikas, I.P.
AU - Spartalis, E.
AU - Paschou, S.A.
JO - Hormone and Metabolic Research
PY - 2021
VL - 53
TODO - 1
SP - 16-23
PB - Georg Thieme Verlag
SN - 0018-5043, 1439-4286
TODO - 10.1055/a-1258-8625
TODO - glucocorticoid;  growth hormone;  hypophysis hormone;  prolactin;  glucose, acromegaly;  corticotropin deficiency;  Cushing disease;  disorders of carbohydrate metabolism;  glucose homeostasis;  growth hormone deficiency;  hormone blood level;  human;  hyperglycemia;  hyperprolactinemia;  hypoglycemia;  hypophysis disease;  hypopituitarism;  pathophysiology;  priority journal;  prolactin blood level;  Review;  hypophysis;  hypophysis disease;  metabolism;  pathology;  pathophysiology, Glucose;  Humans;  Pituitary Diseases;  Pituitary Gland
TODO - This review aims to explore, present, and discuss disorders of glucose metabolism implicated in pituitary gland diseases, the appropriate interventions, as well as the therapeutic challenges that may arise. Pituitary pathologies may dysregulate glucose homeostasis, as both the excess and deficiency of various pituitary hormones can affect glucose metabolism. Increased circulating levels of growth hormone, glucocorticoids or prolactin have been shown to mainly provoke hyperglycemic states, while hypopituitarism can be associated with both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Addressing the primary cause of these disorders with the use of surgery, medical treatment or radiotherapy forms the cornerstone of current management strategies. Physicians should bear in mind that some such medications have an unfavorable effect on glucose metabolism too. When unsuccessful, or until the appropriate treatment of the underlying pituitary problem, the addition of established antidiabetic therapies might prove useful. Further studies aiming to discover more accurate and effective drug preparations in combination with optimal lifestyle management models will contribute to achieving a more successful glycemic control in these patients. © 2021 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
ER -