TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of liraglutide on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
AU - Liakos, A.
AU - Lambadiari, V.
AU - Bargiota, A.
AU - Kitsios, K.
AU - Avramidis, I.
AU - Kotsa, K.
AU - Gerou, S.
AU - Boura, P.
AU - Tentolouris, N.
AU - Dimitriadis, G.
AU - Tsapas, A.
JO - Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
PY - 2019
VL - 21
TODO - 3
SP - 517-524
PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
SN - 1462-8902, 1463-1326
TODO - 10.1111/dom.13541
TODO - dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor;  glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonist;  glycosylated hemoglobin;  insulin;  liraglutide;  metformin;  pioglitazone;  placebo;  sulfonylurea derivative;  lipid;  liraglutide, adult;  Article;  blood pressure monitoring;  controlled study;  diastolic blood pressure;  disease classification;  drug dose comparison;  drug dose titration;  drug efficacy;  female;  heart rate;  human;  hypertension;  major clinical study;  male;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  outcome assessment;  randomized controlled trial;  sodium excretion;  systolic blood pressure;  treatment duration;  urinary excretion;  aged;  blood;  blood pressure;  blood pressure monitoring;  complication;  double blind procedure;  drug effect;  glucose blood level;  hypertension;  middle aged;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  pathophysiology, Aged;  Blood Glucose;  Blood Pressure;  Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Double-Blind Method;  Female;  Heart Rate;  Humans;  Hypertension;  Lipids;  Liraglutide;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Placebos
TODO - Aims: To assess the effect of liraglutide on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in patients with hypertension (pre- and stage 1 hypertension) and inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes (glycated haemoglobin 7%–10% [53-86 mmol/mol]). Materials and methods: Eligible patients for this investigator-initiated, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind trial were on stable background antihyperglycaemic therapy excluding insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors. Participants were centrally randomized in a 1:1 ratio to daily liraglutide 0.6 mg, titrated to 1.2 mg after the first week, or placebo for 5 weeks. The primary outcome was change in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP), and secondary outcomes included change in ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate. We also assessed renal sodium handling. Results: Of 87 patients assessed for eligibility, 62 (66.1% men) with a mean age of 60.2 years were randomized to liraglutide (n = 31) or placebo (n = 31). All participants received background therapy with metformin, whilst 35.5% were treated concomitantly with sulphonylureas and 14.5% with pioglitazone. Compared with placebo, liraglutide reduced 24-hour SBP by −5.73 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] –9.81 to −1.65) and had a neutral effect on 24-hour DBP (mean difference − 1.42 mm Hg; 95% CI –4.25 to 1.40), whilst increasing 24-hour heart rate by 6.16 beats/min (95% CI 3.25 to 9.07). Findings were consistent for daytime and night-time measurements. Liraglutide did not increase urine sodium excretion. Conclusion: Based on 24-hour ambulatory measurements, short-term treatment with liraglutide had a favourable effect on SBP whilst increasing heart rate. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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