TY - JOUR
TI - Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on HuR and Breast Cancer Development, Prognosis, and Treatment
AU - Kotta-Loizou, I.
AU - Vasilopoulos, S.N.
AU - Coutts, R.H.A.
AU - Theocharis, S.
JO - Neoplasia (United States)
PY - 2016
VL - 18
TODO - 11
SP - 674-688
PB - Neoplasia Press Inc.
SN - null
TODO - 10.1016/j.neo.2016.09.002
TODO - doxorubicin;  ELAV like protein 1;  fluorouracil;  lapatinib;  messenger RNA;  microRNA;  tamoxifen;  antineoplastic agent;  ELAV like protein 1;  protein binding, angiogenesis;  apoptosis;  breast cancer;  breast cancer cell line;  cancer growth;  cancer prognosis;  cancer therapy;  carcinogenesis;  cell adhesion;  cell cycle;  clinical study;  drug effect;  drug targeting;  genetic transcription;  human;  in vivo study;  inflammation;  metastasis;  nonhuman;  priority journal;  protein binding;  protein expression;  protein function;  regulatory mechanism;  Review;  signal transduction;  animal;  Breast Neoplasms;  cancer grading;  cell transformation;  drug effects;  female;  gene expression regulation;  genetics;  metabolism;  phosphorylation;  prognosis;  protein transport;  radiation response;  RNA interference, Animals;  Antineoplastic Agents;  Breast Neoplasms;  Cell Transformation, Neoplastic;  ELAV-Like Protein 1;  Female;  Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic;  Humans;  Neoplasm Grading;  Phosphorylation;  Prognosis;  Protein Binding;  Protein Transport;  RNA Interference;  Signal Transduction
TODO - Hu-antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding posttranscriptional regulator that belongs to the Hu/ELAV family. HuR expression levels are modulated by a variety of proteins, microRNAs, chemical compounds, or the microenvironment, and in turn, HuR affects mRNA stability and translation of various genes implicated in breast cancer formation, progression, metastasis, and treatment. The aim of the present review is to critically summarize the role of HuR in breast cancer development and its potential as a prognosticator and a therapeutic target. In this aspect, all the existing English literature concerning HuR expression and function in breast cancer cell lines, in vivo animal models, and clinical studies is critically presented and summarized. HuR modulates many genes implicated in biological processes crucial for breast cancer formation, growth, and metastasis, whereas the link between HuR and these processes has been demonstrated directly in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, clinical studies reveal that HuR is associated with more aggressive forms of breast cancer and is a putative prognosticator for patients' survival. All the above indicate HuR as a promising drug target for cancer therapy; nevertheless, additional studies are required to fully understand its potential and determine against which types of breast cancer and at which stage of the disease a therapeutic agent targeting HuR would be more effective. © 2016 The Authors
ER -