TY - JOUR
TI - Dietary management of dyslipidaemias. Is there any evidence for cardiovascular benefit?
AU - Anagnostis, P.
AU - Paschou, S.A.
AU - Goulis, D.G.
AU - Athyros, V.G.
AU - Karagiannis, A.
JO - Maturitas
PY - 2018
VL - 108
TODO - null
SP - 45-52
PB - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
SN - 0378-5122
TODO - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.11.011
TODO - cholestin;  high density lipoprotein cholesterol;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  monounsaturated fatty acid;  omega 3 fatty acid;  phytosterol;  polyunsaturated fatty acid;  soybean protein;  trans fatty acid;  triacylglycerol, body weight;  cardiovascular effect;  cholesterol blood level;  dyslipidemia;  fruit;  human;  hypercholesterolemia;  hypertriglyceridemia;  legume;  low carbohydrate diet;  Mediterranean diet;  nut;  nutrient;  physical activity;  Review;  vegetable;  cardiovascular disease;  diet therapy;  dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular Diseases;  Dyslipidemias;  Humans
TODO - Specific dietary strategies are the mainstay of management in most cases of dyslipidaemia, prior to or simultaneously with the initiation of a lipid-lowering agent. The exact approach differs according to the type of dyslipidaemia. In particular, a reduction in carbohydrates (mainly foods with a high glycaemic index) and their substitution with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids is the main strategy in patients with high levels of triglycerides (Tg) and/or low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). A reduction in saturated and trans fatty acids, combined with an increased intake of specific dietary components, such as plant sterols, soy protein and red yeast rice, constitutes the more efficacious dietary approach in cases where levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) are elevated. A reduction in excessive body weight is beneficial in every type of dyslipidaemia, whereas increased physical activity is mostly effective in cases with low HDL-c and high Tg levels. With respect to the potential cardiovascular benefit of these dietary interventions, there is currently evidence for the Mediterranean diet. Potential benefit may derive also from single dietary components of that diet, such as legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and omega-3 fatty acids, although to a lesser extent than with that general dietary pattern. The purpose of this review is to outline current knowledge regarding the recommended specific dietary pattern according to the type of dyslipidaemia and the evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of such approaches. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
ER -