TY - JOUR
TI - Investigation of BK virus, Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus sequences in postoperative thyroid gland specimens
AU - Stamatiou, D.
AU - Derdas, S.P.
AU - Symvoulakis, E.K.
AU - Sakorafas, G.H.
AU - Zoras, O.
AU - Spandidos, D.A.
JO - International Journal of Biological Markers
PY - 2015
VL - 30
TODO - 1
SP - e104-e110
PB - Wichtig Publishing Srl
SN - 0393-6155, 1724-6008
TODO - 10.5301/jbm.5000115
TODO - adult;  Article;  BK virus;  clinical article;  controlled study;  DNA extraction;  ebna2 gene;  Epstein Barr virus;  female;  gene;  gene sequence;  human;  human tissue;  male;  nonhuman;  Papillomaviridae;  polymerase chain reaction;  postoperative care;  prevalence;  thyroid cancer;  thyroid gland;  thyroid hyperplasia;  Alphapapillomavirus;  BK virus;  Epstein Barr virus;  Epstein Barr virus infection;  genetics;  middle aged;  papillomavirus infection;  polyomavirus infection;  Thyroid Neoplasms;  virology, BK polyomavirus;  Human herpesvirus 4;  Human papillomavirus, capsid protein, Adult;  Alphapapillomavirus;  BK Virus;  Capsid Proteins;  Epstein-Barr Virus Infections;  Female;  Herpesvirus 4, Human;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Papillomavirus Infections;  Polyomavirus Infections;  Thyroid Neoplasms
TODO - Background: Although recent evidence has implicated viruses in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor progression, little is known regarding viral infections in thyroid malignancies. Thus the aim of this study was to detect sequences of 3 potentially oncogenic viruses – BK virus (BKV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) – in a series of postoperative thyroid gland specimens. Methods: Thirty patients with thyroid nodules who underwent surgery for thyroid disease within a 3-year period were enrolled. Both nodular and adjacent normal thyroid tissue was surgically excised from each patient. Viral gene sequences of BKV (VP1), EBV (LMP1, EBNA2 and EBER1) and HPV were amplified by PCR. The PCR results were confirmed by direct sequencing analysis. Results: VP1 gene sequences were detected in 60% (18/30) of thyroid cancer or multinodular hyperplasia lesions compared with in 43.3% (13/30) of adjacent normal thyroid tissue specimens. Fifteen of thirty (50%) of thyroid cancer or multinodular hyperplasia samples revealed LMP1 sequences compared with 46.7% (14/30) of corresponding normal thyroid tissues. EBNA2 gene sequences were detected in 90% (27/30) of thyroid cancer or multinodular hyperplasia samples, compared with 90% (27/30) of adjacent normal thyroid tissue specimens. All samples were negative for EBER1 sequences, while HPV DNA was not detected in either nodular or normal thyroid tissue. Conclusions: This study suggests that BKV and EBV “infection” is an early event, occurring within normal tissue. Our findings do not show a clear role for the viruses examined, instead they suggest an “endemicity” pattern rather than a causal effect. © 2014 Wichtig Publishing - eISSN 1724-6008.
ER -