TY - JOUR
TI - In vitro and in vivo study on the effect of antifungal agents on hematopoietic cells in mice
AU - Samalidou, M.
AU - Bougiouklis, D.
AU - Vyzantiadis, T.-A.
AU - Meletiadis, J.
AU - Monokrousos, N.
AU - Siotou, E.
AU - Sivropoulou, A.
AU - Anagnostopoulos, A.
AU - Sotiropoulos, D.
JO - Experimental Biology and Medicine
PY - 2015
VL - 240
TODO - 12
SP - 1728-1734
PB - SAGE Publications Inc.
SN - 1535-3702, 1535-3699
TODO - 10.1177/1535370215590820
TODO - amphotericin B;  amphotericin B lipid complex;  caspofungin;  granulocyte colony stimulating factor;  granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor;  interleukin 3;  interleukin 6;  recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor;  stem cell factor;  voriconazole;  amphotericin B;  amphotericin B lipid complex;  antifungal agent;  caspofungin;  echinocandin;  granulocyte colony stimulating factor;  voriconazole, animal cell;  animal experiment;  animal model;  antifungal activity;  Article;  bone marrow cell;  CFU counting;  controlled study;  drug diffusion;  drug potentiation;  female;  flow cytometry;  fungus growth;  granulocyte;  growth inhibition;  hematopoiesis;  in vitro study;  in vivo study;  irradiation;  mouse;  nonhuman;  pharmacokinetic assay;  toxicity testing;  animal;  C57BL mouse;  dose response;  drug effects;  hematopoietic stem cell, Amphotericin B;  Animals;  Antifungal Agents;  Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;  Echinocandins;  Female;  Flow Cytometry;  Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor;  Granulocytes;  Hematopoietic Stem Cells;  Mice;  Mice, Inbred C57BL;  Voriconazole
TODO - Liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin are currently used for systemic and severe fungal infections. Patients with malignant diseases are treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the recovery of granulocytes after chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation. Since they have a high incidence of fungal infections, they inevitably receive antifungal drugs for treatment and prophylaxis. Despite their proven less toxicity for various cell types comparatively with amphotericin B and the decrease in the number of leukocytes that has been reported as a possible complication in clinical studies, the effect of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin on HCs has not been clarified. The present study aimed to examine the in vitro and in vivo effect of these three modern antifungals on HCs. Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays of murine bone marrow cells were performed in methylcellulose medium with or without cytokines and in the presence or absence of various concentrations of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin. In the in vivo experiments, the absolute number of granulocytes was determined during leukocyte recovery in sublethally irradiated mice receiving each antifungal agent separately, with or without G-CSF. In vitro, all three antifungal drugs were nontoxic and, interestingly, they significantly increased the number of CFU-granulocyte-macrophage colonies in the presence of cytokines, at all concentrations tested. This was contrary to the concentration-dependent toxicity and the significant decrease caused by conventional amphotericin B. In vivo, the number of granulocytes was significantly higher with caspofungin plus G-CSF treatment, higher and to a lesser extent higher, but not statistically significantly, with voriconazole plus G-CSF and liposomal amphotericin B plus G-CSF treatments, respectively, as compared with G-CSF alone. These data indicate a potential synergistic effect of these antifungals with the cytokines, in vitro and in vivo, with subsequent positive effect on hematopoiesis. © 2015, © 2015 by the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
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