TY - JOUR
TI - Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
AU - Kadoglou, N.P.E.
AU - Iliadis, F.
AU - Sailer, N.
AU - Athanasiadou, Z.
AU - Vitta, I.
AU - Kapelouzou, A.
AU - Karayannacos, P.E.
AU - Liapis, C.D.
AU - Alevizos, M.
AU - Angelopoulou, N.
AU - Vrabas, I.S.
JO - Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
PY - 2010
VL - 59
TODO - 4
SP - 599-607
PB - 
SN - 0026-0495
TODO - 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.002
TODO - apolipoprotein A1;  apolipoprotein B;  gliclazide;  hemoglobin A1c;  high density lipoprotein;  interleukin 10;  interleukin 18;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  metformin;  rosiglitazone, add on therapy;  adult;  aged;  anthropometric parameters;  article;  blood pressure monitoring;  cardiopulmonary hemodynamics;  cardiovascular risk;  cholesterol blood level;  clinical trial;  controlled clinical trial;  controlled study;  down regulation;  exercise;  female;  glycemic control;  human;  insulin resistance;  major clinical study;  male;  non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  obesity;  priority journal;  randomized controlled trial, Aged;  Body Composition;  C-Reactive Protein;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;  Exercise;  Female;  Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated;  Humans;  Hypoglycemic Agents;  Insulin Resistance;  Lipoproteins, LDL;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Risk Factors;  Thiazolidinediones
TODO - The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone and/or exercise training on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c &gt;7%) despite combined treatment with gliclazide plus metformin, were randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial design to 4 equivalent (n = 25) groups, as follows: (1) CO: maintenance of habitual activities, (2) RSG: add-on therapy with rosiglitazone (8 mg/d), (3) EX: adjunctive exercise training, and (4) RSG + EX: supplementary administration of rosiglitazone (8 mg/d) plus exercise training. No participant had diabetic vascular complications or was receiving lipid-lowering therapy. Anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory capacity, glycemic and lipid profile, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18, insulin resistance, and blood pressure were measured before and after 12 months of intervention (P &lt; .05). Both RSG and EX groups significantly reduced glycemic indexes, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and IL-18, whereas they significantly increased high-density lipoprotein, cardiorespiratory capacity, and IL-10, compared with CO group (P &lt; .05). Besides this, exercise-treated patients conferred a remarkable down-regulation in the rest of lipid parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apo B) and body fat content (P &lt; .05) in comparison with CO group. On the other hand, RSG group rather than CO group considerably increased apo A-I levels and body mass index (P &lt; .05). Notably, the combined treatment group yielded pronounced beneficial changes in glycemic indexes, lipid profile, insulin resistance, blood pressure, IL-10, IL-18, apo A-I, and apo B (vs CO group, P &lt; .05). Furthermore, the addition of exercise to rosiglitazone treatment counteracted the drug-related negative effects on body weight, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. Rosiglitazone plus exercise training elicited additive effects on body composition, glycemic control, and traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, indicating complementary effects. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ER -