TY - JOUR TI - Out-patient management of chronic heart failure AU - Terrovitis, JV AU - Anastasiou-Nana, MI AU - Nanas, JN JO - Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy PY - 2005 VL - 6 TODO - 11 SP - 1857-1881 PB - TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON SN - 1465-6566, 1744-7666 TODO - 10.1517/14656566.6.11.1857 TODO - aldosterone antagonism; ambulatory medicine; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition; beta-adrenergic blockade; drug therapy; heart failure TODO - Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome associated with an ominous long-term prognosis and major economic consequences for Western societies. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the pharmacological management of heart failure, and several treatments have been confirmed to confer survival and symptomatic benefits. However, pharmaceuticals remain underutilised, and the combination of several different drugs present challenges for their optimal prescription, requiring a thorough knowledge of potential side effects and complex interactions. This article reviews in detail the evidence pertaining to the out-patient pharmacological management of chronic heart failure, and offers recommendations on the use of various drugs in complex clinical conditions, or in areas of ongoing controversy. ER -