TY - JOUR
TI - Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of intake of fruits and vegetables:
individual-level correlations in the European Prospective Investigation
into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
AU - Al-Delaimy, WK
AU - Ferrari, P
AU - Slimani, N
AU - Pala, V
AU - Johansson,
AU - I
AU - Nilsson, S
AU - Mattisson, I
AU - Wirfalt, E
AU - Galasso, R and
AU - Palli, D
AU - Vineis, P
AU - Tumino, R
AU - Dorronsoro, M
AU - Pera, G and
AU - Ocke, MC
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB
AU - Overvad, K
AU - Chirlaque, MAD and
AU - Trichopoulou, A
AU - Naska, A
AU - Tjonneland, A
AU - Olsen, A
AU - Lund, E
AU - and Alsaker, EHR
AU - Barricarte, A
AU - Kesse, E
AU - Boutron-Ruault, MC
AU - and Clavel-Chapelon, F
AU - Key, TJ
AU - Spencer, E
AU - Bingham, S and
AU - Welch, AA
AU - Sanchez-Perez, MJ
AU - Nagel, G
AU - Linseisen, J and
AU - Quiros, JR
AU - Peeters, PHM
AU - van Gils, CH
AU - Boeing, H
AU - van
AU - Kappel, AL
AU - Steghens, JP
AU - Riboli, E
JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
PY - 2005
VL - 59
TODO - 12
SP - 1387-1396
PB - SPRINGERNATURE
SN - 0954-3007, 1476-5640
TODO - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602252
TODO - carotenoids; fruits and vegetables; plasma; food frequency
questionnaires; 24 h dietary recall; EPIC
TODO - Objective: The aim in this study was to assess the association between
individual plasma carotenoid levels (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene,
lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin) and fruit and
vegetable intakes recorded by a calibrated food questionnaire (FQ) and
24- h dietary recall records (24HDR) in nine different European
countries with diverse populations and widely varying intakes of plant
foods.
Design: A stratified random subsample of 3089 men and women from nine
countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had provided blood samples and dietary
and other lifestyle information between 1992 and 2000, were included.
Results: beta-Cryptoxanthin was most strongly correlated with total
fruits (FQ r = 0.52, 24HDR r = 0.39), lycopene with tomato and tomato
products (FQ r = 0.38, 24HDR r = 0.25), and alpha-carotene with intake
of root vegetables (r = 0.39) and of total carrots (r = 0.38) for FQ
only. Based on diet measured by FQ and adjusting for possible
confounding by body mass index (BMI), age, gender, smoking status,
alcohol intake, and energy intake, the strongest predictors of
individual plasma carotenoid levels were fruits (R-partial(2) = 17.2%)
for beta-cryptoxanthin, total carrots (R-partial(2) = 13.4%) and root
vegetables (R-partial(2) = 13.3%) for alpha-carotene, and tomato
products (R-partial(2) = 13.8%) for lycopene. For 24HDR, the highest
R-partial(2) was for fruits in relation to beta-cryptoxanthin (7.9%).
Conclusions: Intakes of specific fruits and vegetables as measured by
food questionnaires are good predictors of certain individual plasma
carotenoid levels in our multicentre European study. At individual
subject levels, FQ measurements of fruits, root vegetables and carrots,
and tomato products are, respectively, good predictors of
beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, and lycopene in plasma.
ER -