TY - JOUR
TI - Electric stimulation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of
nonunions
AU - Karamitros, A. E.
AU - Kalentzos, V. N.
AU - Soucacos, P. N.
JO - INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
PY - 2006
VL - 37
TODO - 1
SP - S63-S73
PB - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Exeter, United Kingdom
SN - null
TODO - 10.1016/j.injury.2006.02.042
TODO - nonunion; delayed union; electric stimulation; hyperbaric oxygen therapy
TODO - Up to 10% of the fractures occurring annually in the U.S. end up in
nonunion or delayed union. Classical treatment with osteosynthesis and
bone grafting is not always successful. Alternatives in treatment have
long ago been considered. This article presents current concepts in
treatment with electrical stimulation and hyperbaric oxygen, the
mechanisms of action, experimental and clinical evidence of their
application. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ER -