TY - JOUR
TI - Impact of nonoptimal intakes of saturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat on global burdens of coronary heart disease
AU - Wang, Q.
AU - Afshin, A.
AU - Yakoob, M.Y.
AU - Singh, G.M.
AU - Rehm, C.D.
AU - Khatibzadeh, S.
AU - Micha, R.
AU - Shi, P.
AU - Mozaffarian, D.
AU - Ezzati, M.
AU - Fahimi, S.
AU - Wirojratana, P.
AU - Powles, J.
AU - Elmadfa, I.
AU - Rao, M.
AU - Alpert, W.
AU - Lim, S.S.
AU - Engell, R.E.
AU - Andrews, K.G.
AU - Abbott, P.A.
AU - Abdollahi, M.
AU - Abeyá Gilardon, E.O.
AU - Ahsan, H.
AU - Al Nsour, M.A.A.
AU - Al-Hooti, S.N.
AU - Arambepola, C.
AU - Fernando, D.N.
AU - Barennes, H.
AU - Barquera, S.
AU - Baylin, A.
AU - Becker, W.
AU - Bjerregaard, P.
AU - Bourne, L.T.
AU - Capanzana, M.V.
AU - Castetbon, K.
AU - Chang, H.-Y.
AU - Chen, Y.
AU - Cowan, M.J.
AU - Riley, L.M.
AU - De Henauw, S.
AU - Ding, E.L.
AU - Duante, C.A.
AU - Duran, P.
AU - Barbieri, H.E.
AU - Farzadfar, F.
AU - Hadziomeragic, A.F.
AU - Fisberg, R.M.
AU - Forsyth, S.
AU - Garriguet, D.
AU - Gaspoz, J.-M.
AU - Gauci, D.
AU - Calleja, N.
AU - Ginnela, B.N.V.
AU - Guessous, I.
AU - Gulliford, M.C.
AU - Hadden, W.
AU - Haerpfer, C.
AU - Hoffman, D.J.
AU - Houshiar-Rad, A.
AU - Huybrechts, I.
AU - Hwalla, N.C.
AU - Ibrahim, H.M.
AU - Inoue, M.
AU - Jackson, M.D.
AU - Johansson, L.
AU - Keinan-Boker, L.
AU - Kim, C.-I.
AU - Koksal, E.
AU - Lee, H.-J.
AU - Li, Y.
AU - Lipoeto, N.I.
AU - Ma, G.
AU - Mangialavori, G.L.
AU - Matsumura, Y.
AU - McGarvey, S.T.
AU - Fen, C.M.
AU - Monge-Rojas, R.A.
AU - Musaiger, A.O.
AU - Nagalla, B.
AU - Naska, A.
AU - Ocke, M.C.
AU - Oltarzewski, M.
AU - Szponar, L.
AU - Orfanos, P.
AU - Ovaskainen, M.-L.
AU - Tapanainen, H.
AU - Pan, W.-H.
AU - Panagiotakos, D.B.
AU - Pekcan, G.A.
AU - Petrova, S.
AU - Piaseu, N.
AU - Pitsavos, C.
AU - Posada, L.G.
AU - Sánchez-Romero, L.M.
AU - Selamat, R.B.T.
AU - Sharma, S.
AU - Sibai, A.M.
AU - Sichieri, R.
AU - Simmala, C.
AU - Steingrimsdottir, L.
AU - Swan, G.
AU - Sygnowska, E.H.
AU - Templeton, R.
AU - Thanopoulou, A.
AU - Thorgeirsdóttir, H.
AU - Thorsdottir, I.
AU - Trichopoulou, A.
AU - Tsugane, S.
AU - Turrini, A.
AU - Vaask, S.
AU - van Oosterhout, C.
AU - Veerman, J.L.
AU - Verena, N.
AU - Waskiewicz, A.
AU - Zaghloul, S.
AU - Zajkás, G.
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
PY - 2016
VL - 5
TODO - 1
SP - null
PB - John Wiley and Sons Inc
SN - 2047-9980
TODO - 10.1161/JAHA.115.002891
TODO - polyunsaturated fatty acid;  saturated fatty acid;  trans fatty acid;  fat intake;  omega 6 fatty acid;  trans fatty acid, Article;  Bayes theorem;  Canada;  carbohydrate intake;  cause of death;  cerebrovascular accident;  dietary intake;  Egypt;  fat intake;  food availability;  human;  ICD-10;  ischemic heart disease;  low income country;  middle income country;  mortality rate;  Pakistan;  priority journal;  risk assessment;  risk factor;  sensitivity analysis;  trend study;  administration and dosage;  adverse effects;  age distribution;  Coronary Disease;  diet;  dietary reference intake;  fat intake;  female;  male;  Markov chain;  Monte Carlo method;  mortality;  protection;  sex ratio;  time factor, Age Distribution;  Bayes Theorem;  Coronary Disease;  Diet Surveys;  Dietary Fats;  Fatty Acids, Omega-6;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Markov Chains;  Monte Carlo Method;  Protective Factors;  Recommended Dietary Allowances;  Risk Assessment;  Risk Factors;  Sex Distribution;  Time Factors;  Trans Fatty Acids
TODO - Background: Saturated fat (SFA), x-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), and trans fat (TFA) influence risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but attributable CHD mortalities by country, age, sex, and time are unclear. Methods and Results: National intakes of SFA, n-6 PUFA, and TFA were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model based on country-specific dietary surveys; food availability data; and, for TFA, industry reports on fats/oils and packaged foods. Etiologic effects of dietary fats on CHD mortality were derived from meta-analyses of prospective cohorts and CHD mortality rates from the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases study. Absolute and proportional attributable CHD mortality were computed using a comparative risk assessment framework. In 2010, nonoptimal intakes of n-6 PUFA, SFA, and TFA were estimated to result in 711 800 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 680 700-745 000), 250 900 (95% UI 236 900-265 800), and 537 200 (95% UI 517 600-557 000) CHD deaths per year worldwide, accounting for 10.3% (95% UI 9.9%-10.6%), 3.6%, (95% UI 3.5%-3.6%) and 7.7% (95% UI 7.6%-7.9%) of global CHD mortality. Tropical oil-consuming countries were estimated to have the highest proportional n-6 PUFA- and SFAattributable CHD mortality, whereas Egypt, Pakistan, and Canada were estimated to have the highest proportional TFA-attributable CHD mortality. From 1990 to 2010 globally, the estimated proportional CHD mortality decreased by 9% for insufficient n-6 PUFA and by 21% for higher SFA, whereas it increased by 4% for higher TFA, with the latter driven by increases in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusions: Nonoptimal intakes of n-6 PUFA, TFA, and SFA each contribute to significant estimated CHD mortality, with important heterogeneity across countries that informs nation-specific clinical, public health, and policy priorities. © 2016 The Authors.
ER -