TY - JOUR
TI - Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine
AU - Gerotziafas, G.T.
AU - Catalano, M.
AU - Colgan, M.-P.
AU - Pecsvarady, Z.
AU - Wautrecht, J.C.
AU - Fazeli, B.
AU - Olinic, D.-M.
AU - Farkas, K.
AU - Elalamy, I.
AU - Falanga, A.
AU - Fareed, J.
AU - Papageorgiou, C.
AU - Arellano, R.S.
AU - Agathagelou, P.
AU - Antic, D.
AU - Auad, L.
AU - Banfic, L.
AU - Bartolomew, J.R.
AU - Benczur, B.
AU - Bernardo, M.B.
AU - Boccardo, F.
AU - Cifkova, R.
AU - Cosmi, B.
AU - De Marchi, S.
AU - Dimakakos, E.
AU - Dimopoulos, M.A.
AU - Dimitrov, G.
AU - Durand-Zaleski, I.
AU - Edmonds, M.
AU - El Nazar, E.A.
AU - Erer, D.
AU - Esponda, O.L.
AU - Gresele, P.
AU - Gschwandtner, M.
AU - Gu, Y.
AU - Heinzmann, M.
AU - Hamburg, N.M.
AU - Hamadé, A.
AU - Jatoi, N.-A.
AU - Karahan, O.
AU - Karetova, D.
AU - Karplus, T.
AU - Klein-Weigel, P.
AU - Kolossvary, E.
AU - Kozak, M.
AU - Lefkou, E.
AU - Lessiani, G.
AU - Liew, A.
AU - Marcoccia, A.
AU - Marshang, P.
AU - Marakomichelakis, G.
AU - Matuska, J.
AU - Moraglia, L.
AU - Pillon, S.
AU - Poredos, P.
AU - Prior, M.
AU - Salvador, D.R.K.
AU - Schlager, O.
AU - Schernthaner, G.
AU - Sieron, A.
AU - Spaak, J.
AU - Spyropoulos, A.
AU - Sprynger, M.
AU - Suput, D.
AU - Stanek, A.
AU - Stvrtinova, V.
AU - Szuba, A.
AU - Tafur, A.
AU - Vandreden, P.
AU - Vardas, P.E.
AU - Vasic, D.
AU - Vikkula, M.
AU - Wennberg, P.
AU - Zhai, Z.
AU - Bikdeli, B.
AU - Guo, Y.
AU - Harenberg, J.
AU - Hu, Y.
AU - Lip, G.Y.H.
AU - Roldan, V.
JO - Thrombosis and Haemostasis
PY - 2020
VL - 120
TODO - 12
SP - 1597-1628
PB - Georg Thieme Verlag
SN - 0340-6245
TODO - 10.1055/s-0040-1715798
TODO - acetylsalicylic acid;  angiotensin receptor antagonist;  anticoagulant agent;  antivirus agent;  apixaban;  apolipoprotein E;  argatroban;  betrixaban;  blood clotting factor 10;  clopidogrel;  creatinine;  cytochrome P450 3A4;  D dimer;  dabigatran;  dalteparin;  dermatan sulfate;  dexamethasone;  eculizumab;  edoxaban;  enoxaparin;  ferritin;  fibrinogen;  fondaparinux;  gamma interferon;  heparin;  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor;  inflammasome;  intercellular adhesion molecule 1;  lopinavir;  low molecular weight heparin;  pentasaccharide;  phosphatidylserine;  prasugrel;  prekallikrein;  procalcitonin;  prothrombin;  prothrombin complex;  ritonavir;  rivaroxaban;  serine proteinase inhibitor;  sulodexide;  thrombocyte factor 4;  thromboplastin;  ticagrelor;  tinzaparin;  tirofiban;  troponin;  tumor necrosis factor;  von Willebrand factor;  anticoagulant agent;  low molecular weight heparin;  rivaroxaban, activated partial thromboplastin time;  acute coronary syndrome;  acute kidney failure;  acute kidney tubule necrosis;  adult respiratory distress syndrome;  anemia;  angiology;  anticoagulant therapy;  anticoagulation;  antiinflammatory activity;  aortic dissection;  apoptosis;  artery embolism;  artery thrombosis;  artificial ventilation;  atrial fibrillation;  autopsy;  bleeding;  bleeding tendency;  blood clot lysis;  blood clotting;  blood clotting time;  body mass;  brain ischemia;  cardiovascular disease;  cardiovascular risk;  cardiovascular risk factor;  chronic kidney failure;  chronic obstructive lung disease;  complement activation;  computer assisted tomography;  continuous hemofiltration;  contraindication;  convalescence;  coronary artery disease;  coronavirus disease 2019;  creatinine clearance;  critical limb ischemia;  cytokine production;  deep vein thrombosis;  diabetes mellitus;  disease severity;  disseminated intravascular clotting;  drug choice;  drug therapy;  dual antiplatelet therapy;  extracellular trap;  ferritin blood level;  fibrin formation;  glucose blood level;  health care system;  heart arrhythmia;  heart failure;  histochemistry;  home care;  hospital discharge;  hospital mortality;  hospital patient;  hospitalization;  human;  hypercoagulability;  hyperlipidemia;  hypertension;  hypofibrinogenemia;  hypotension;  hypoxia;  immune response;  inflammation;  innate immunity;  intensive care unit;  kidney biopsy;  length of stay;  livedo reticularis;  lung alveolus epithelium cell;  lung embolism;  lung perfusion;  lymphocyte count;  lymphocytopenia;  microangiopathy;  mobile application;  mortality;  obesity;  patient education;  peripheral occlusive artery disease;  physical activity;  platelet count;  prevalence;  primary health care;  protein assembly;  proteinase inhibition;  prothrombin time;  pyroptosis;  respiratory failure;  Review;  risk assessment;  risk factor;  sepsis;  Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score;  social distancing;  telehealth;  thrombocyte;  thrombocyte activation;  thrombocytopenia;  thrombocytosis;  thromboelastography;  thrombophilia;  thrombosis;  thrombosis prevention;  thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura;  urticaria;  vascular disease;  venous thromboembolism;  virus replication;  cardiology;  cardiovascular disease;  Europe;  medical society;  physiology;  practice guideline, Anticoagulants;  Cardiology;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  COVID-19;  Europe;  Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight;  Humans;  Inflammation;  Practice Guidelines as Topic;  Risk Factors;  Rivaroxaban;  SARS-CoV-2;  Societies, Medical;  Thrombophilia;  Thrombosis
TODO - COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH. © 2020 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
ER -