TY - JOUR
TI - Genetic testing in inherited endocrine disorders: Joint position paper of the European reference network on rare endocrine conditions (Endo-ERN)
AU - Eggermann, T.
AU - Elbracht, M.
AU - Kurth, I.
AU - Juul, A.
AU - Juul, A.
AU - Johannsen, T.H.
AU - Johannsen, T.H.
AU - Netchine, I.
AU - Mastorakos, G.
AU - Johannsson, G.
AU - Musholt, T.J.
AU - Zenker, M.
AU - Prawitt, D.
AU - Pereira, A.M.
AU - Hiort, O.
JO - Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
PY - 2020
VL - 15
TODO - 1
SP - null
PB - BioMed Central Ltd.
SN - 1750-1172
TODO - 10.1186/s13023-020-01420-w
TODO - adrenal disease;  asymptomatic disease;  cost effectiveness analysis;  diagnostic accuracy;  disease management;  DNA determination;  early diagnosis;  endocrine disease;  endocrine tumor;  epigenetics;  family;  family planning;  gene identification;  gene mutation;  genetic counseling;  genetic risk;  genetic screening;  heterozygote;  high throughput sequencing;  human;  hypophysis disease;  medical decision making;  metabolic disorder;  molecular diagnosis;  multidisciplinary team;  omics;  patient;  prenatal diagnosis;  prognosis;  rare disease;  recurrent disease;  reliability;  Review;  treatment planning;  endocrine disease;  genetics;  mutation;  rare disease, Endocrine System Diseases;  Genetic Testing;  High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;  Humans;  Mutation;  Rare Diseases
TODO - Background: With the development of molecular high-throughput assays (i.e. next generation sequencing), the knowledge on the contribution of genetic and epigenetic alterations to the etiology of inherited endocrine disorders has massively expanded. However, the rapid implementation of these new molecular tools in the diagnostic settings makes the interpretation of diagnostic data increasingly complex. Main body: This joint paper of the ENDO-ERN members aims to overview chances, challenges, limitations and relevance of comprehensive genetic diagnostic testing in rare endocrine conditions in order to achieve an early molecular diagnosis. This early diagnosis of a genetically based endocrine disorder contributes to a precise management and helps the patients and their families in their self-determined planning of life. Furthermore, the identification of a causative (epi)genetic alteration allows an accurate prognosis of recurrence risks for family planning as the basis of genetic counselling. Asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic variants can be identified, and prenatal testing might be offered, where appropriate. Conclusions: The decision on genetic testing in the diagnostic workup of endocrine disorders should be based on their appropriateness to reliably detect the disease-causing and -modifying mutation, their informational value, and cost-effectiveness. The future assessment of data from different omic approaches should be embedded in interdisciplinary discussions using all available clinical and molecular data. © 2020 The Author(s).
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