TY - JOUR
TI - Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma
AU - Kalogeropoulos, D.
AU - Vartholomatos, G.
AU - Mitra, A.
AU - Elaraoud, I.
AU - Ch'ng, S.W.
AU - Zikou, A.
AU - Papoudou-Bai, A.
AU - Moschos, M.M.
AU - Kanavaros, P.
AU - Kalogeropoulos, C.
JO - Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology
PY - 2019
VL - 33
TODO - 1
SP - 66-80
PB - Elsevier B.V.
SN - 1319-4534
TODO - 10.1016/j.sjopt.2018.12.008
TODO - antineoplastic agent;  cytokine;  methotrexate;  rituximab, animal model;  aspiration;  autofluorescence;  B cell lymphoma;  B scan;  brain biopsy;  cancer chemotherapy;  cancer prognosis;  cancer radiotherapy;  cancer risk;  carcinogenesis;  cerebrospinal fluid examination;  clinical examination;  cytogenetics;  cytopathology;  differential diagnosis;  flow cytometry;  fluorescence angiography;  histology;  histopathology;  human;  immunohistochemistry;  immunophenotyping;  indocyanine green angiography;  intraocular lymphoma;  lymphoma cell;  molecular diagnosis;  molecular pathology;  neuroimaging;  nonhuman;  ophthalmoscopy;  optical coherence tomography;  pars plana vitrectomy;  primary tumor;  primary vitreoretinal lymphoma;  priority journal;  recurrence risk;  Review;  uveitis;  vitreoretinopathy;  vitreous biopsy
TODO - Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare ocular lymphoid malignancy, which consists a subset of primary central system lymphoma (PCNSL) and the most common type of intraocular lymphoma. The involvement of eyes is estimated to be approximately 20% of PCNSL, but the brain involvement may be up to 80% of PVRL. Typically, PVRL is a high grade B-cell malignancy of the retina and needs to be assorted from choroidal low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Very often PVRL masquerades and can be erroneously diagnosed as chronic uveitis, white dot syndromes or other neoplasms. Establishing an accurate diagnosis may involve cytology/pathology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, molecular pathology and cytokine profile analysis. There is inadequate information about PVRL's true incidence, ethnic/geographical variation and pathogenetic mechanisms. The therapeutic approach of PVRL involves aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although PVRL tends to have a good response to the initial treatment, the prognosis is poor and the survival restricted due to the high relapse rates and CNS involvement. © 2019 The Authors
ER -