TY - JOUR
TI - Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Data from the international SWEET registry
AU - Maffeis, C.
AU - Birkebaek, N.H.
AU - Konstantinova, M.
AU - Schwandt, A.
AU - Vazeou, A.
AU - Casteels, K.
AU - Jali, S.
AU - Limbert, C.
AU - Pundziute-Lycka, A.
AU - Toth-Heyn, P.
AU - de Beaufort, C.
AU - Sumnik, Z.
AU - Cherubini, V.
AU - Svensson, J.
AU - Pacaud, D.
AU - Kanaka-Gantenbein, C.
AU - Shalitin, S.
AU - Bratina, N.
AU - Hanas, R.
AU - Alonso, G.T.
AU - Poran, L.
AU - Pereira, A.L.
AU - Marigliano, M.
AU - The SWEET Study Group
JO - Pediatric Diabetes
PY - 2018
VL - 19
TODO - 7
SP - 1211-1220
PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
SN - 1399-543X, 1399-5448
TODO - 10.1111/pedi.12730
TODO - hemoglobin A1c;  insulin, adolescent;  adult;  age;  age distribution;  Article;  body mass;  child;  clinical assessment;  clinical feature;  cross-sectional study;  disease association;  disease course;  disease duration;  disease registry;  female;  human;  insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  insulin treatment;  lipid storage;  major clinical study;  male;  obesity;  pediatrics;  prevalence;  priority journal;  prophylaxis;  sex difference;  therapy effect;  treatment outcome;  underweight;  clinical trial;  complication;  insulin dependent diabetes mellitus;  multicenter study;  obesity;  preschool child;  prevalence;  register;  underweight, Adolescent;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Cross-Sectional Studies;  Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Obesity;  Prevalence;  Registries;  Thinness
TODO - Objective: To assess the prevalence of underweight (UW), overweight (OW), and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: An international cross-sectional study including 23 026 T1D children (2-18 years, duration of diabetes ≥1 year) participating in the SWEET prospective, multicenter diabetes registry. Body mass index SD score (BMI-SDS) was calculated using the World Health Organization BMI charts. Children were categorized as UW (BMI-SDS < −2SD), OW (+1SD < BMI-SDS ≤ +2SD), and obese (OB) (BMI-SDS > +2SD). Hierarchic regression models were applied with adjustment for sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Results: The prevalence of UW, OW, and obesity was: 1.4%, 22.3%, and 7.3% in males and 0.6%, 27.2%, and 6.8% in females. Adjusted BMI-SDS was significantly higher in females than in males (mean ± SEM: 0.54 ± 0.05 vs 0.40 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001). In males, BMI-SDS significantly decreased by age (P < 0.0001) in the first three age categories 0.61 ± 0.06 (2 to <10 years), 0.47 ± 0.06 (10 to <13 years), 0.34 ± 0.05 (13 to <16 years). In females, BMI-SDS showed a U-shaped distribution by age (P < 0.0001): 0.54 ± 0.04 (2 to <10 years), 0.39 ± 0.04 (10 to <13 years), 0.55 ± 0.04 (13 to <16 years). BMI-SDS increased by diabetes duration (<2 years: 0.38 ± 0.05, 2 to <5 years: 0.44 ± 0.05, and ≥5 years: 0.50 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001). Treatment modality did not affect BMI-SDS. Adjusted HbA1c was significantly higher in females than in males (8.20% ± 0.10% vs 8.06% ± 0.10%, P < 0.0001). In both genders, the association between HbA1c and BMI-SDS was U-shaped with the highest HbA1c in the UW and obesity groups. Conclusions: The high rate of OW and obesity (31.8%) emphasize the need for developing further strategies to prevent and treat excess fat accumulation in T1D. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
ER -