TY - JOUR
TI - The development of a simple questionnaire to screen patients with SLE for the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in routine clinical practice
AU - Mosca, M.
AU - Govoni, M.
AU - Tomietto, P.
AU - Aringer, M.
AU - Boumpas, D.
AU - Cervera, R.
AU - Conti, F.
AU - D'Cruz, D.
AU - Doria, A.
AU - De La Fuente, D.
AU - Galeazzi, M.
AU - Houssiau, F.
AU - Huizinga, T.
AU - Khamashta, M.A.
AU - Ines, L.
AU - Duarte, C.
AU - Couto, M.
AU - Meroni, P.
AU - Montecucco, C.
AU - Norkuviene, E.
AU - Riemekasten, G.
AU - Rios, V.
AU - Schneider, M.
AU - Shoenfeld, Y.
AU - Steup-Beekman, G.M.
AU - Szmyrka-Kaczmarek, M.
AU - Tani, C.
AU - Tincani, A.
AU - Tzioufas, A.G.
AU - Voll, R.
AU - Bencivelli, W.
AU - Salaffi, F.
AU - Bombardieri, S.
JO - Lupus Science and Medicine
PY - 2011
VL - 20
TODO - 5
SP - 485-492
PB - 
SN - null
TODO - 10.1177/0961203310389097
TODO - area under the curve;  article;  clinical practice;  Delphi study;  human;  major clinical study;  mental disease;  neurologic disease;  patient identification;  physician;  priority journal;  questionnaire;  receiver operating characteristic;  scoring system;  screening test;  sensitivity and specificity;  symptomatology;  systemic lupus erythematosus, Area Under Curve;  Delphi Technique;  Humans;  Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System;  Questionnaires;  ROC Curve
TODO - Aim: The creation of a physician-administered questionnaire to screen patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for the presence of symptoms suggestive of neuropsychiatric involvement (NPSLE). Methods: The development of the questionnaire followed three phases. First, a list of manifestations was prepared based on the ACR case definitions for NPSLE. A first questionnaire was constructed including 119 items. To reduce their number, a Delphi analysis was carried out and a second questionnaire with 62 questions was developed. This questionnaire was administered to 139 patients with SLE (58 with NPSLE: 29 active, 29 inactive; and 81 without NPSLE: 39 active, 42 inactive). Questions relevant to the screening of patients were selected on the basis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Twenty-seven questions concerning central nervous system and psychiatric manifestations were found to be relevant; the remaining could be eliminated without significantly affecting AUC. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.69 (95% CI 0.61-0.78). A score above 17 was considered as suggestive of the presence of NPSLE with a sensitivity of 92.9% (95% CI 85.1-97.3 %) and specificity of 25.4% (95% CI 14.7-39.00 %). Conclusions: This questionnaire could represent a 'core set' of questions that could help in clinical practice to identify patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms requiring further evaluation. © The Author(s), 2011.
ER -