TY - JOUR
TI - Factors contributing to inappropriate ordering of tests in an academic medical department and the effect of an educational feedback strategy
AU - Miyakis, S.
AU - Karamanof, G.
AU - Liontos, M.
AU - Mountokalakis, T.D.
JO - Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
PY - 2006
VL - 82
TODO - 974
SP - 823-829
PB - 
SN - 1117-1936
TODO - 10.1136/pgmj.2006.049551
TODO - adolescent;  adult;  aged;  arterial gas;  article;  controlled study;  diagnostic test;  feedback system;  health care utilization;  hospitalization;  human;  laboratory test;  major clinical study;  medical education;  medical staff;  questionnaire;  university hospital, Academic Medical Centers;  Adolescent;  Adult;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Clinical Competence;  Education, Medical, Graduate;  Emergency Service, Hospital;  Feedback;  Female;  Health Services Misuse;  Hospitalization;  Humans;  Laboratory Techniques and Procedures;  Male;  Medical Staff, Hospital;  Middle Aged;  Multivariate Analysis;  New South Wales;  Referral and Consultation
TODO - Aims: To identify factors contributing to laboratory over-utilisation in an academic medical department, and to assess the effect of an educational feedback strategy on inappropriate test-ordering behaviour. Methods: The records of 426 patients admitted during a 6-month period were reviewed. The usefulness of 25 investigations (haematology, basic biochemistry and arterial blood gases) was assessed according to implicit criteria. Trainees' acquaintance with investigation costs was assessed via a multiple-choice questionnaire. The medical staff was informed about their test-ordering behaviour, cost awareness and the factors associated with overuse of diagnostic tests. The test-ordering behaviour of the same doctors was reassessed on 214 patients managed during 6 months after the intervention. Results: Overall, 24 482 laboratory tests were ordered before the intervention (mean 2.96 tests/patient/day). Among those, 67.9% were not considered to have contributed towards management of patients (mean avoidable 2.01 tests/patient/day). Patient age ≥65 years, hospitalisation beyond 7 days and increased case difficulty (death or inability to establish a diagnosis) were factors independently associated with overuse of laboratory tests. Senior trainees ordered more laboratory examinations, but the percentage of avoidable tests requested by junior trainees was higher. A moderate and disparate level of trainees' awareness about the cost of common laboratory examinations was disclosed. The avoidable tests/patient/day were significantly decreased after the intervention (mean 1.58, p = 0.002), but containment of unnecessary ordering of tests gradually waned during the semester after the intervention. Conclusion: Repeated audit, continuous education and alertness of doctors, on the basis of assessment of factors contributing to laboratory overutilisation, result in restraining the redundant ordering of tests in the hospital setting.
ER -